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Organic Agriculturein China(2020)China Beijing Organic and Beyond Corporation (OABC)Organic Agriculture in China (2020) AuthorThe team of OATC Zhang Youting, Xing Jianping, Zhang Tingting, Zhao Huijuan, Shi Yuguang Translator Liu Xintong, He Wenfang, Zhang Rrui China Beijing Organic and Beyond Corporation (OABC) Overview of Chinas organic industry in 2018 Overview of Chinas organic industry in 2018 Category Index The year of 2018 China organic product authentication certificate 19365 pieces Production enterprises in China 12226 enterprises Production enterprises in China have obtained certificates 18955 pieces Area Organic plant production area 4.11 milion hectares Wild colection production area 975,000 hectares Yield Total organic crop yield (including wild colection) 13.356 milion tons Wild harvest yield 370,000 tons Organic shep 3.21 milion shep Organic catle 880,000 catle Organic pig 240,000 pigs Total output of livestock, poultry and animal products 5.182 milion tons Organic milk 2.5714 milion tons Total production of organic aquatic products (aquatic plants) 559,500 tons Organic aquatic products aquatic plant products 387,700 tons Total production of organic procesed products 4.8442 milion tons Organic procesed products - grain miling yield 1.5056 milion tons Sign Record number of organic signs 1.91 bilion Record number of organic labels of sterilized milk 1.139 bilion Production value Total output value of organic products 24.32 bilion dolars The output value of organic procesing products 15.9 bilion dolars Sales Organic sales 9.21 bilion dolars Organic procesing products sales 8.7 bilion dolars Overseas certification of Chinese standards Number of overseas certification countries 41 countries Number of overseas organic certification enterprises 206 enterprises Number of overseas organic certification certificates 410 pieces Certification status of overseas organic standards in China Total area of overseas certification of Chinese organic products 119,000 hectares Total production of overseas certification of Chinese organic products 6.551 milion tons Sugar plant yield 3.805 milion tons Total area of organic crops certified in China in acordance with overseas organic standards 1.3551 milion hectares Total production of organic crops certified in China in accordance with overseas organic standards 5.7379 milion tons Export situation Total export trade of organic products 894 milion dolars Total trade volume of organic products exported 705,100 tons Foreword Foreword The certification of organic products in China was developed in the 190s and has a history of 30 years. It has ben nearly 15 years since the Chinese government released the organic product standards in 205 and established the coresponding organic certification system. Chinas organic industry has experienced a development process from scratch, from disorder to regulation. So far, China has become the worlds third largest producer of organic agriculture and the fourth largest consumer of organic fod. Because the language is diference, it is dificult for English-speaking countries to obtain the certification of organic products in China, as well as the production and sales status. In the past six years, the Certification and Acreditation Administration of the Peoples Republic of China (CNCA) has released “the Certification of Organic Products in China and the Development of the Organic Industry”. OABC also does simultaneous translation, but its distribution and reach are limited. In order to let Chinese organic practitioners know about the world of organic agriculture and its development trend, OABC has translated “The World of Organic Agriculture: Statistics and Emerging Trends“ for 8 consecutive years. At the same time, the organic agriculture technology center of OABC also organized and compiled “Organic Agriculture in China” on the basis of “Organic Product Certification and Organic Industry Development in China”. The main purpose of this article is to let the practitioners of organic agriculture in the world have a comprehensive understanding of the development of the organic industry in China, organic standards, certification system, regulatory system, production and certification basic situation. The article also cited a consumer survey of organic products by Beijing Continental Hengtong Certification Co., ltd (CHTC) comisioned by the CNCA. The last part of the paper also analyzes the contribution of organic agriculture to China, curent dificulties, future Foreword development oportunities and preliminary forecasts based on our working experience. At the begining of writing, we consulted Chen Encheng, director of CNCA, and got affirmation and suport. He encouraged us to kep going and break the language barier of organic farming in China and around the world. Qiao Yuhui, asociate profesor of China Agricultural University, You Anjun, director of China Quality Certification Center (CQC), Zhang Jibing, director of Organic Fod Development and Certification Center of China (OFDC), Xia Zhaogang, deputy director of China Organic Fod Certification Center (COFCC), Geng YunXia, general manager of Beijing Ecocert Certification Center Co., Ltd (ECOCERT), QuLi, deputy general manager of Beijing Continental Hengtong Certification Co., Ltd (CHTC), Lu Zhenhui, deputy general manager of WIT Assesment, etc. Thanks for al the valuable advice they have given since the completion of this article. We hope that this brochure can be released during the Nuremberg exhibition in Germany, so that more international counterparts can know the development situation and trends of organic agriculture in China, and in particular, we hope to promote the mutual recognition of international and Chinese organic standards in the future. We hope readers can understand the omisions and deficiencies caused by the initial compilation. If you want to know more about organic agriculture in China, please fel fre to contact us. Organic Agricultural Technology Centre of OABC (OATC) Jan. 2nd,2020 I Foreword Contents 1. The History and Features of Chinese Agriculture 1 2. The Development History of Organic Certification in China 2 3. Organic Standards and Regulations in China 3 3.1 Competent Authority 3 3.2 Certification Standards and Systems 4 3.3 Organic Certification Body 6 3.4 Organic Signs and Anti-counterfeiting and Tracing Systems 6 3.5 Supervision and Management 7 4. Overview of the Development of Organic Products in China 9 4.1 Organic Product Certification 9 4.2 Organic Producers 10 4.3 Organic Planting 10 4.4 Organic Animal Husbandry 11 4.5 Organic Procesed Products 12 4.6 Certification by Chinese Standards Outside China 13 4.7 Mainland China Certification by Overseas Organic Standards 17 4.8 Output and Market 17 4.9 Export Trade 21 4.10 Supervision and Inspection of Organic Products 21 5. Organic Production Model and Sales Chanels 23 5.1 Production Patern 23 5.2 Distribution Chanels 23 6. Market Research 28 6.1 Producer Survey 28 6.1.1 Producer Motive 28 6.1.2 Sales Scope 29 6.1.3 Distribution Channel 29 6.1.4 Sale Price 30 6.1.5 Dificulties and Causes 31 6.2 Consumption and Survey 33 6.2.1 The Benefits of Organic Farming 33 6.2.2 Awarenes of Organic Labeling 34 6.2.3 Age and Frequency of Consumption 34 6.2.4 Household Income and Consumption Frequency 35 II Foreword 6.2.5 Purchasing Chanel 36 6.2.6 Reasons for Purchase 37 6.2.7 Category Purchased 38 6.2.8 Domestic and Importing 39 7. The Contribution of Organic Agriculture to China 41 7.1 To some extent, it has protected Chinas ecological environment 41 7.2 Organic farming is conducive to implementing the healthy China strategy 41 7.3 Organic farming can help win the fight against poverty 42 7.4 The Development of Organic Agriculture is Conducive to Chinas Ecological Progres 42 8. Dificulties in the Development of Organic Agriculture in China 42 8.1 The Suply of Organic Products Exceeds the Demand in China 43 8.2 The development of organic fod production and consumption is unbalanced 43 8.3 Consumers dont trust organic fod enough 44 8.4 The education level of organic agriculture practitioners is low and the organic technology is weak 45 8.5 Prices for organic products are to high compared with conventional produce, which discourages consumer choice 45 9. Oportunities and forecasts for organic agriculture in China 47 9.1 The certification system is basicaly perfect and continuously optimized 47 9.2 The government suports and encourages the development of organic agriculture 47 9.3 Organic product certification demonstration area and organic publicity wek expand the influence of organic concept 48 9.4 Urbanization is driving up the price of conventional agricultural products 49 9.5 Consumption is escalating and more and more people are chosing high-quality fod 50 9.6 The rise of organic restaurants and urban tourism agriculture wil promote the development of organic agriculture 50 9.7 Oportunities to import organic fod 51 9.8 Forecasting the development trend of organic agriculture in China 52 References： 53 1 The History and Features of Chinese Agriculture 1. The History and Features of Chinese Agriculture China is one of the worlds agricultural origins. During the thousands of development, Chinese people had created many world-leading inventions for the agriculture practice, but it has also experienced a long time of stagnation. In 1909, F. H. King, the director of the U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management, traveled to China via Japan. He wrote the bok Farmers of Forty Centuries in 1911, after investigated the Chinas agricultural experience which endured for thousands of years. He wrote in it: “Under the long-term human resource presure, these farmers of the worlds oldest nation gradualy adopted practical experience and formed its farming system. This farming system, undergoing 400 years of evolution, still produce enough fod to fed such a large population. We want to know how they did it.” Dr. King came to China to learn those traditional farming techniques which are rare after 10 years later. Nowadays, traditional farming has ben replaced by chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which is also a chalenge for the sustainable development of Chinese agriculture. Because its large population, China basicaly feds 20% of the world population with merely 7% of arable land of the planet, and the amount of various land resources per capita is significantly lower than the world average. At present, 560 milion Chinese people live in rural areas, acounting for 40% of the total population. The 560 milion farmers own 1.86 bilion mu arable land with an average of 3.3 mu per capita, so most agriculture products are produced by these farmers. These products have no brand and its price is also relatively low. Although these products are intensive farming, because of its smal scale and low level of mechanization, it has lower production eficiency and higher cost 2 The History and Features of Chinese Agriculture compared with developed counties. Now, more and more agricultural enterprises start lease land, hire farmers, use modern agricultural technology and management methods to improve product quality and develop their own brand. However, due to the changes in production organization and higher cost, the price of these products is also much higher compared with single farmer. Due to the lack of basic agricultural brands, older consumers in China find it difficult to acept that branded agricultural products are more expensive than non-branded one. But China is undergoing consumer transformation, more and more young people chose branded, higher-priced and beter-quality agricultural products. 2. The Development History of Organic Certification in China Chinese organic product certification started in the 190s. In 190, Peihou Tea Plantation and Linan Tea Factory in Linan County, Zhejiang Province obtained the organic certificate from SKAL, Netherlands. This is the first organic certification inspection in mainland China. In 194, the Organic Fod Development and Certification Center of China (OFDC) established in Nanjing, it was the earliest organic certification agency established in China. The former National Environmental Protection Agency led the establishment of Chinese organic product certification system. In 195, China Gren Fod Development Center started the research and certification of A-grade gren fod. The certification standards and management of A-grade gren fod and organic food are relatively close, so the research and certification to A-grade gren fod laid a foundation for the establishment and evelopment of Chinas organic agricultural production bases. 3 The Development History of Organic Certification in China Since implement of “Regulations of the Peoples Republic of China on Certification and Accreditation” in 202, the certification of organic product was conducted by Certification and Acreditation Administration of the Peoples Republic of China (CNCA). In 203, CNCA organized relevant departments to formulate national standards for organic products and draft the management measures for organic product certification. In 204 and 205, regulations and standards such as “Administrative Measures on Organic Product Certification“, “Organic Products“ and “Implementation Rules for Organic Product Certification“ were formulated and isued. A unified and internationaly recognized organic product certification and acreditation system was established in China. From 201 to 2014, CNCA revised the standards, methods and rules, and established a unified organic product certification catalog. In 2019, the CNCA revised these standards and rules again. 3. Organic Standards and Regulations in China 3.1 Competent Authority The State Administration of Market Regulation (SAMR) / Certification and Accreditation Administration of the Peoples Republic of China (CNCA) is a ministerial administrative agency directly administered by the State Council. It is also the competent authority for unified management, supervision, and coordination of national certification and accreditation work. SAMR/ CNCA is in charge of formulating certification systems such as organic standards and
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