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可 持 续发展 与 社会共 治 ： 电 子 商 务 纸包 装 的 现 状、 影 响 与 建议 2019 5 * Marie Harder Ryan Woodard “Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains within it two key concepts: The concept of needs, in particular, the essential needs of the worlds poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and the idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environments ability to meet present and future needs.” World Commission on Environment and Development, Our Common Future (1987) . 1 1. - . 4 1.1 . 4 1.1.1 . 4 1.1.2 . 7 1.2 . 9 1.3 . 12 1.3.1 . 12 1.3.2 . 17 1.3.3 . 24 2. - . 30 2.1 . 31 2.1.1 . 31 2.1.2 . 32 2.1.3 . 33 2.2 . 36 3. - . 38 3.1 . 38 3.2 . 41 3.2.1 EPR . 41 3.2.2 . 44 3.2.3 . 48 4. - . 49 4.1 - . 49 4.2 . 51 4.3 . 52 4.4 . 53 4.5 . 53 4.5.1 / . 54 4.5.2 vs. 55 4.6 . 56 5. . 58 5.1 . 58 5.2 . 59 . 62 1.1.1-1 2016-2021 . 4 1.1.2-1 2011-2017 . 7 1.1.2-2 2011-2017 . 8 1.2-1 . 10 1.3-1 . 12 1.3.1-1 . 12 1.3.1-1 . 13 1.3.1-2 . 15 1.3.1-2 ( / ) ( / ) . 17 1.3.1-3 2012 2016 . 17 1.3.2-1 . 18 1.3.2-2 2011-2017 . 21 1.3.2-1 . 21 1.3.2-2 6 . 22 1.3.2-3 . 22 1.3.3-1 . 24 1.3.3-2 . 25 1.3.3-3 . 26 1.3.3-4 2014 . 26 1.3.3-5 . 29 2-1 . 30 2.1.1-1 1 m 2 (Ren and Huo 2010) . 31 2.1.1-2 100 m 2 (Nian and Wang 2012) . 32 2.1.2-1 (15% +85% ) . 32 2.1.2-2 1 m 2 . 33 2.1.3-1 1 . 34 2.1.3-1 1 m 2 . 35 2.1.3-2 1 kg . 35 2.1.3-3 1 kg . 36 2.2-1 3 . 37 3.1-1 2019 1 23 . 40 3.2.1-1 (Lindhqvist, 2000) . 42 3.2.2-1 EPR (Tojo, 2004) . 44 3.2.2-2 2006-2016 % (da Cruz et al., 2014) . 46 3.2.2-1 (OECD, 2016) . 47 . 61 5.2-1 . 61 1 2018 500 143 53 245 57 430 (Zhai et al., 2010) “ ” “ ” ( ) Bi(2008) 2010 (excessive 2 package) 25% 3 12% 2017 4 (Zhou, 2009), , “ ” (CHYXX, 2017) 2017 400 28% 40% 50% (Chinabaogao, 2017) 3 1 2 3 4 1. - 1.1 1.1.1 41.6
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