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2021DEFENSE OF JAPANPamphletIn the year 2020, not only did the entire world face unprecedented difficulties due to COVID-19, but various security challenges and destabilizing factors became more tangible and acute, and the international order based on universal values, which has underpinned the peace and prosperity of the international community, has been greatly tested.Looking at the situation around Japan, China has continued its unilateral attempts to change the status quo in the East and South China Seas. China Coast Guard (CCG) vessels are sighted almost daily in the contiguous zone surrounding the Senkaku Islands, an inherent part of the territory of Japan, and repeatedly intrude into Japans territorial waters. Furthermore, there have also been incidents of CCG vessels approaching Japanese fishing boats while intruding into Japanese territorial waters, further making the situation serious. Against this backdrop, China entered into force the China Coast Guard Law in February 2021. The CCG Law includes problematic provisions in terms of their inconsistency with international law. Sources of inconsistency include, among others, ambiguity as to geographical areas the CCG Law applies and how the rules governing the use of weapons are implemented. The CCG Law must not be allowed to infringe on the legitimate interests of the relevant countries including Japan. Furthermore, the raising of tensions in the East China Sea and other sea areas is completely unacceptable.In addition, North Korea is proceeding with ballistic missile development at an extremely rapid pace. It launched ballistic missiles of a new type in 2021, and such military trends, including nuclear and missile development, pose grave and imminent threats to Japans security.The Indo-Pacific region is the core of the worlds vitality, and at the same time, it faces various security challenges. In the midst of the changing global power balance, the importance of the region On the Publication of Defense of Japan 2021Minister of DefenseKISHI Nobuois further increasing. In order to counter these challenges in the security environment, it is essential not only to strengthen Japans own defense capabilities and expand the roles we can fulfill, but also to closely cooperate with countries that share the same fundamental values. In particular, cooperation with the United States, our only ally, is of paramount importance. Since the new U.S. administration took office, I have continued to pursue close bilateral cooperation through a defense ministerial meeting, the Japan-U.S. “2+2” meeting, and other opportunities. I also believe that the fact that the Japan-U.S. Summit Meeting was held as the first face-to-face meeting with foreign leader since the President Bidens inauguration testifies that the United States also attaches great importance to the Japan-U.S. Alliance. The Alliance is the cornerstone of peace, security, and prosperity in the region, and we will strive to further strengthen its deterrence and response capabilities in order to further solidify the unshakable bond of the Japan-U.S. Alliance.Furthermore, Japan is promoting the “Free and Open Indo-Pacific” (FOIP) vision, based on the concept that achieving a free and open rules-based order will enhance peace and prosperity across the entire region and throughout the world. The MOD/SDF will further contribute to the peace and stability of the region and the international community through active cooperation with countries that share Japans vision of the FOIP, including not only the United States as our ally, but also Australia, India, European countries including the United Kingdom, France, and Germany, as well as Canada and New Zealand.With every step taken along the path of a peace-loving nation, Japan has become a country that proudly flies the flag of universal values, such as freedom, democracy, the rule of law, and respect for fundamental human rights. As the flag bearer of universal values in the Indo-Pacific region, joining hands with like-minded partners, we must cherish freedom, have faith in democracy, be deeply resentful at the failure to protect human rights, and resolutely oppose to any attempt to change the order by coercion. SDF personnel perform their demanding duties every day with this determination to protect the nation of Japan, including these values that have taken root deep in the hearts and minds of our people.This white paper firmly demonstrates to readers not only at home, but also abroad that the MOD/SDF have unwavering will and ability to defend Japan even in the midst of a drastically changing security environment, alongside showing the high level of transparency regarding the activities and efforts of the MOD/SDF.The MOD/SDF will diligently engage in our duties on the front lines of national defense at all times, boldly fulfilling our responsibilities to safeguard lives and peaceful livelihoods of our people, and the integrity of our territory, waters, and airspace, and will do our utmost to ensure the peace, stability, and prosperity of the region and the international community.Defense ChronologySpecial Feature1SPECIAL FEATURE20 2 1The Indo-Pacific region is the core of the worlds vitality, and home to half the worlds population. Major sea lanes pass through the region. The “Free and Open Indo-Pacific” (FOIP) vision is rooted in the concept of ensuring the peace and prosperity of the entire Indo-Pacific region and consequently the world by realizing a free and open order based on the rule of law in the region. The FOIP is an inclusive vision. Any country can cooperate as long as it endorses the concept.See information on the MODs initiatives related to the FOIP in nine languages.Free and Open Indo-PacificContinuation of Defense Cooperation and Exchanges Amidst the Spread of COVID-19Although in-person visits to various countries have become difficult since the spread of COVID-19, defense cooperation and exchanges have been actively conducted through methods such as high-level telephone talks and video teleconference, bilateral/multilateral maritime exercises which do not involve contact with other people, and capacity building through online education.It has been pointed out that strategic competition may become more exposed and intense among countries intending to create international and regional orders more preferable to themselves and to expand their influence. Japan will promote defense cooperation and exchanges to uphold and reinforce FOIP in cooperation with other nations with which we share values and interests.Japan-Germany Defense Ministerial Forum (December 2020)Delivered an online capacity building program to the Papua New Guinea Defence Forces (March 2021)NewZealand*Maps, etc., are for illustration purposes only.Major sea laneIndian OceanPacific OceanMiddle East and AfricaIndiaSouth AsiaSoutheast AsiaJapanCanadaU.S.Latin AmericaAustraliaPacif_ic Island countriesU.K.FranceOther Europeancountries1DEFENSE OF JAPAN 2021Cooperation with Partners towards Upholding and Reinforcing FOIPTowards upholding and reinforcing FOIP with the Japan-U.S. Alliance as its cornerstone, Japan actively cooperates with many countries that share the FOIP vision and have connections to the Indo-Pacific region, including Australia, India, European countries such as the United Kingdom, France, and Germany, as well as Canada and New Zealand.Japan-Australia-India-U.S. Leaders Video Conference (March 2021) Website of the Prime Ministers Office of JapanJapan-U.S.-India-Australia Multilateral Exercise“Malabar 2020” (November 2020)The Japan-U.K. “2+2” (February 2021) Japan-U.S.-France Trilateral Exercise (February 2021)Japan-Australia Defense Ministerial Meeting (October 2020)Meeting between the Chief of Staff, ASDF and the Chief of Staff of the Indian Air Force (December 2020)Countries and Regions Enhancing Cooperation towards Upholding and Reinforcing FOIPWith respect to countries and regions of the Indo-Pacific that key sea lanes pass through, such as Southeast Asian and South Asian countries, including ASEAN, and Pacific Island countries, as well as the Middle East, Africa and Latin America, which are important for ensuring energy security, Japan is bolstering cooperation towards upholding and reinforcing FOIP, while utilizing wide-ranging means of defense cooperation and exchanges.Japan-Indonesia goodwill exercise held during the Indo-Pacific Deployment (October 2020)Signing Ceremony of the Memorandum on Defense Cooperation and Exchanges between Japan and Brazil (December 2020)Japan-UAE Defense Ministerial Video Teleconference (March 2021)2DEFENSE OF JAPANDefense ChronologySpecial Feature1SPECIAL FEATURE20 2 12021.02Movements by the China Coast GuardActivities by China Coast Guard Vessels around the Senkaku IslandsChina is continuing and strengthening its unilateral attempts to change the status quo by coercion near the Senkaku Islands, an inherent territory of Japan, which is a situation that raises strong concerns. From April to August 2020, China Coast Guard vessels were confirmed to be within the contiguous zone near the Senkaku Islands for a record of 111 consecutive days. In addition, over the course of 2020, activities by China Coast Guard vessels within the contiguous zone near the Senkaku Islands were confirmed to have been conducted on 333 days by a total of 1,161 vessels, which were both all-time highs.Website of the Cabinet Secretariat website The Senkaku Islands, an inherent territory of JapanA 10,000-ton class Coast Guard Vessel, the largest of its kind in the worldThe Japan Coast Guard General Secretary Xi Jinping attending the 5th plenary session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in October 2020 China News Service/Jiji Photo China Coast Guard vessels The Japan Coast Guard The Coast Guard Law of the Peoples Republic of China (Coast Guard Law), which stipulates the responsibility of the Coast Guard and its the Coast Guards responsibilities and authority including the use of weapons, was newly enacted in January 2021 and entered into force in February 2021. The Coast Guard Law includes problematic provisions in terms of their inconsistency with international law. Sources of inconsistency include, among others, ambiguity as to geographical areas the Coast Guard Law applies and how the rules governing the use of weapons are implemented. The Coast Guard Law must not be allowed to infringe on the legitimate interests of the relevant countries including Japan. Furthermore, the raising of tensions in the East China Sea and other sea areas is completely unacceptable. Entry into Force of China Coast Guard LawSee a summary of the Coast Guard Law of the Peoples Republic of China.3DEFENSE OF JAPAN 2021A new ballistic missile that appeared at a military parade in January 2021 (launched in March 2021) AFP/Jiji North Koreas Nuclear and Missile DevelopmentAt the 8th Congress of the Korean Workers Party (KWP) held in January 2021, Chairman Kim Jong-un of North Korea spoke about the further enhancement of nuclear and missile capabilities, referring to the advancement of nuclear technology, including the development of “tactical nuclear weapons,” and preemptive and retaliatory nuclear strike capabilities, as well as development of “hypersonic gliding flight warheads” and so on.In addition, the military parades in October 2020 and January 2021 featured a possible new ICBM-class ballistic missile, a possible new SLBM, and new ballistic missiles mounted on a five-axle TEL. Of these, the new ballistic missiles mounted on a five-axle TEL were launched in March 2021.A possible new ICBM-class ballistic missile that appeared at a military parade in October 2020 EPA/Jiji A possible new SLBM that appeared at a military parade in January 2021 EPA/Jiji 4DEFENSE OF JAPANDefense ChronologySpecial Feature1SPECIAL FEATURE20 2 1Japan-U.S. AllianceIn the United States, President Biden was inaugurated in January 2021.As the security environment rapidly becomes increasingly severe, the Japan-U.S. Alliance has become more important than ever for regional peace and security.Japan and the United States affirmed that the Japan-U.S. Alliance will continue to be the cornerstone of peace, security and prosperity in the Indo-Pacific region, and renewed their unwavering commitment to the Alliance.The U.S. Department of StateThe Japan-U.S. Summit Meeting Twitter account of the Prime Ministers Office of JapanThe Japan-U.S. “2+2”The Japan-U.S. Defense Ministerial MeetingJapan-U.S. Bilateral Exercises5DEFENSE OF JAPAN 2021Large-scale vaccination centerVaccinations at an SDF large-scale vaccination centerResponse to COVID-19In order to prevent the spread of COVID-19, the MOD/SDF gathered all its strength to carry out various activities including disaster relief operations in 35 prefectures.In addition, in order to accelerate the administering of COVID-19 vaccinations, the SDF opened up large-scale vaccination centers in Tokyo and Osaka, and is currently conducting vaccinations.Dispatch of nurses and other personnel to medical institutionsReference: Efforts by the MOD/SDF in response to the spread of COVID-19Video introducing the SDFs standards for preventing infectious diseaseTransport of patients infected with COVID-19 by CH-47 from Yakushima Airport to Kagoshima CityTraining on how to put on and take off protective clothing against infectionsDisinfection of the medical equipment around bedsInside an aircraft during transport6DEFENSE OF JAPANChronicle of Disaster Relief OperationsSpecial Feature2SPECIAL FEATURE20 2 1In 2015, the Bureau of Operational Policy was abolished and the functions of the Joint Staff were strengthened in order to centralize the operations of the SDF. In 2018, the Ground Component Command was newly formed to assume unified command over GSDF troops.Strengthening the Joint Operational PostureLessons from the Great East Japan EarthquakeJoint transport in SendaiThe MOD/SDF participates in the emergency team of the Prime Ministers Office and contributes to the governments unified decision-making. Liaison personnel are also dispatched to the local emergency headquarters in the disaster areas, the emergency headquarters of related companies, and others to grasp local needs.Cooperation with related organizations, etc.Centralized transport of goodsThe MOD recommended that the Governments Emergency Response Headquarters should conduct centralized management, including grasping the needs of municipalities and determining transport priorities, in order to quickly transport relief supplies to disaster areas. Currently, the Cabinet Offices emergency supplies procurement and transportation system for disaster management is centrally managing and coordinating everything from the procurement to transportation of relief supplies of various ministries and agencies, with active participation by the MOD.At Minato Junior High SchoolGeneral meeting at J-Village7DEFENSE OF JAPAN 2021After disaster
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