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2023 C O N T E N T S 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 012.1 2.2 2.3 02 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 03 4.1 4.2 04C O N T E N T S 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 012.1 2.2 2.3 02 4.1 4.2 04 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 034/130 VRE 15%VRE 61%10%15%13%1%57%10%15%15%3%2021 2025 VRE 0-3%3-13%13-24%23-50%VRE VRE 50%VRE VRE 50%VRE variable renewable energy 6 2021 80%34%24%22%34%22%24%24%34%22%7%6%7%2021 MW 7 CNESA 2021 209.4GW 19%12.2%2017 2.9GW 23GW 90%2017-2025E 2017-2022 811152646210230200190102400305020220170401802022317123720173171168175 GW 202118832020181418519132092019318120183173+35%38 71125721372313482019 2017 2021 2020 2018 2022 2023E 2024E 2025E+86%+69%GWh 8 2030 2060 2025 20%20%2017-2021 64%66%5%15%13%1%55%6%16%20%3%2021 2025 11.311.712.212.613.113.525151020030202022.017.87.920.12017 2019 20219.319.020227.320186.510.625.623.712.1+87%2016201820192020201720212022(2016-2030)2019-2020 2025 30%2030 9 2016 2016 CNESA 2021 300 2022 290 2016-2022 2016 2016-20202021-20302031-2060 10 10-100MW 100MW 10MW 11 CNESA 2021 46.1GW 22%30%86.3%39.8GW 5729.7MW 75%2021 86.3%12.5%1.2%89.7%5.9%1.2%3.2%389.81,079.71,709.65,729.711,659.70.00.81.62.402,5005,0007,50010,00012,5002017 2019 2015 2012 2013 2014 2016 2018 2020 2021 20223,283.5 MW 2019-2022 12-MWh 2022 182.5 2022 1.5 2021 450 2021 25 2019 1.027 2019 3.66 2019 46.757 2019 2.496 2019 5.22 2019 3.289 UPS LCOS LCOS C O N T E N T S 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 01 2.1 2.2 2.3 02 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 03 4.1 4.2 04 1415 2021 2021 10.5GW 220 100MW 79%10-100MW MW PCS 100MW 10-100MW MW 0500100015002000 2021 MWh 0200400600800 2021 PCS MW 0200400600 2021 MW /%s-min 1-24h 75-85 40-60 min 1-24h 70-89 20-40 ms-min ms-15min 93-95 15+ms-min ms-h 75-90 5 ms s-h 80-90 10-15/ms s-h 60-85 5-10/ms-min ms-h 98-95 5-15 100 ms ms-8s 95-98 20+ms ms-60min 90-95 20+1617-1882 140 20 2020 1.725 3149 18%1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 1968 1.1 1973 1975 1.1 2.2 2000 5520MW 2020 32 31490MW 45450MW 11 11220MW2010 14510MW 50 0.21-0.25 70 85 50%20%20%10%19 250kW/5kWh 20MW UPS Piller UPS 2001 2004 2007 2011 2014 2016 2022 0.1 10 25 20:(TS-CAES)(LAES)(SC-CAES)(TS-CAES)1)2)3)4)(LAES)1)2)(SC-CAES)1)2)3)52.1%10 60.2%70%75%(79%)30%5000 6000(5500/kW)+21 2015 2022 94.2%LFP NMC 75%1970 198319821989 19961970 M.S.Whittingham M.Thackeray J.Goodenough.A.Manthiram.Goodenough 1992 Padh Goodenough 1999 LFP LMFP)NCM NCA 4000-6000-2000-3000 2000-3000 22 35%20702011 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2021 100KWh FARADION/-88%2000 5000 130Wh/kg 140Wh/kg 145Wh/kg 200Wh/kg 23 1800 1802 1838 1839 1895 1921 20 20,AFC CO PAFC-40%MCFC SOFC PEMFC 44%26%11%9%4%3%3%70 GDL 24 0.5mm 50 SMES 25 12/26/C O N T E N T S 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 012.1 2.2 2.3 02 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 03 4.1 4.2 0428 5G/+/29 2022+2019 2020+3031+20/20 1 2 1 2 102+1.4 2.3 20+32 2018-250-350/kW/100MW 2500-3500/-33 PCS 2022 7 49.9 2648 7286 96%80%2022 2022 2-5 2020 71.00%90.08%199%96%34+-+Wh 35-36 10kV C O N T E N T S 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 012.1 2.2 2.3 02 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 03 4.1 4.2 0438 2020 2021 26 13/+39+5 25%40 41 1KW 42
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