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|2024 05 16 AI AI AI C AI 1=x/2=x x Reduce Gather NCCL All-to-All AI AI LPO LRO Chiplet Wafer-scaling NV-LINK AMD Infinity Fabric IB Dragonfly rail-only-U AI Scaling law S0680519010002 S0680519050002 S0680522120003 1 2024-05-14 2 Open AI 2024-05-12 3 AI 2024-05-10-32%-16%0%16%32%2023-05 2023-09 2024-01 2024-05 300 2024 05 16 P.2 EPS P E 2023A 2024E 2025E 2026E 2023A 2024E 2025E 2026E 300308.SZ 2.71 5.62 7.80 10.65 61.54 29.67 21.38 15.66 300502.SZ 0.97 2.15 3.16 4.22 83.27 37.57 25.56 19.14 300394.SZ 1.85 3.50 5.10 6.53 73.18 38.68 26.55 20.73 Wind XVAZxOtOtQoPpRsRnQqPqR7NbP8OtRoOpNtPiNqQmRjMqRpQaQrRyQvPrNrMwMtQuN 2024 05 16 P.3 1.5 2.AI.6 2.1.6 2.2.8 2.3-.11 3.AI.13 3.1.13 3.2.19 4.AI.23 4.1.23 4.2.24 4.3.26 4.4.29 5.31 6.33 1.7 2.7 3 AI.8 4.9 5.9 6.10 7.10 8 Wireshark.11 9 DPI DFI.12 10 DPI.12 11 DPI.12 12 PCIe6.0.13 13 PCIe Switch.14 14 NVlink.15 15 P100 NVLINK.15 16 A100 NV-link Switch.16 17 NVLINK.16 18 NVLINK.17 19 HB-DOMIN.17 20 GB200 72 NVLINK.18 21 AMD Infinty Fabric.18 22 RDMA TCP/IP.19 23 Mellanox.20 24 Sharp.21 2024 05 16 P.4 25.21 26 AMD.22 27 GB200.23 28 OCS.25 29 OCS.26 30.27 31 CLOS.27 32.27 33.27 34.28 35.28 36.29 37 Groq.29 38 Rail-only.29 39.32 RMrty+fclic1XmQWTeGFGpKvZxvDHl7CnYBIQwX/6MMVKPTBpGlfma+ugIQbinjn 2024 05 16 P.5 1.AI AI AI AI AI C AI NPU AI AI LPO LRO chiplet Wafer-scaling NVLINK Infinity Fabric IB OCS Drangonfly Rail-only+1.Scaling Law 2.AI 2024 05 16 P.6 2.AI AI OpenAI Transformer 1=x/2=x x Mellanox AI ASIC-AI 2.1 GPU 2024 05 16 P.7 1 C=AxB B A C 2 Pro AI Stage Stage Batch Stage GPU 2024 05 16 P.8 3 AI GPU 2.2 AI Reduce Gather All to All AI All-to-All All-Reduce 2024 05 16 P.9 4 4 5 All-Reduce All-to-All-Reduce All Reduce All All-Reduce All-Reduce All-Reduce All-Reduce All-Reduce AI Ring All-Reduce Ring All-Reduce Scatter-Reduce All-Gather Scatter-Reduce All-Gather 2024 05 16 P.10 All-Reduce 6 7 NVLink IB RDMA AI 2024 05 16 P.11 2.3-AI FPGA Wireshark TCP/UDP Fiddler HTTP/HTTPS tcpdump&windump solarwinds nast Kismet Wireshark MAC Wireshark 8 Wireshark techlockdown CPU Wireshark DPI DFI DPI Deep Packet Inspection DPI IP TCP UDP DPI 2024 05 16 P.12 DFI Deep/Dynamic Flow Inspection/DPI DFI 9 DPI DFI DPI/DFI/DPI SaaS/PaaS DPI DPI DPI/10 DPI 11 DPI Reduce 2024 05 16 P.13 3.AI AI-AI InfiniBand RoCE 3.1 PCIe NVLink Infinty Fabric PCIe PCIe PCIe PCIe PCIe PCIe 2001 PCIe PCI-Express PCIe CPU GPU SSD 2003 PCIe 1.0 6.0 64GT/s 16 256 GB/s 12 PCIe6.0 viavisolutions 2024 05 16 P.14 PCIe PCIe Switch PCIe PCIe PCIe Switch PCIe Switch PCIe PCIe PCIe Switch PCIe 13 PCIe Switch NPU PCIE NV-Link GPU PCIe NVLINK 1 2 GPU GPU 3 CPU GPU GPU NVSwitch ASIC NVLink GPU GPU 2024 05 16 P.15 14 NVlink NV-link NV-Link NV-Link Pascal PCB PCIE Switch 8 X 8 GPU 15 P100 NVLINK Ampere NVLINK NV-Link Switch NV-Link 2024 05 16 P.16 16 A100 NV-link Switch Pascal Ampere NV-LINK NV-Link Switch NV-Link C 17 NVLINK pugetsystems A100 H100 NV-Link 8 NV-Link HB-DOMIN HB-DOMIN NV-LINK Hopper NV-LINK switch HB-DOMIN Hopper100 GH200 SuperPOD NV-LINK 256 2024 05 16 P.17 18 NVLINK Hopper NV-Link 3.0 GH200 256 GH200 Meta 100 HB-Domin 19 HB-DOMIN MIT Meta Blackwell NVLINK 4NM NV-Link GB200 NVL72 NVlink+HB-DOMIN 2024 05 16 P.18 20 GB200 72 NVLINK NV-LINK NV-LINK AMD AMD Infinity Fabric AMD Arista 21 AMD Infinty Fabric servethehome 2024 05 16 P.19 Infinity Fabric NVLINK AMD HB-DOMIN AI AI 3.2 NPU HB-DOMIN AI InfiniBand ROCE RDMA CPU TCP/IP CPU CPU CPU Remote Direct Memory Access RDMA AI 22 RDMA TCP/IP SDNLAB RDMA IB ROCE IB 1999 PCI IBM FIO Developers Forum NGIO Forum InfiniBand InfiniBand Trade 2024 05 16 P.20 Association IBTA 2000 IB 1999 Mellanox IB IB RDMA PCI 2022 IB PCIE IB 2005 IB IB IB Mellanox/2019 69 Mellanox 23 Mellanox 2010 RoCE RDMA 2014 RoCE v2 RDMA RoCE V2 IB IB Mellanox Sharp 2024 05 16 P.21 24 Sharp AI Reduce AI Mellanox Reduce GPU GPU AI IB AMD 25 2023 7 19 AMD ARISTA Meta 2024 05 16 P.22 IB IB 26 AMD AMD AMD Mi300 Infinity Fabric AMD UEC UEC N+IB AMD GPU IB IB 2024 05 16 P.23 4.AI AI RDMA AI 4.1 FTTR AOC DAC AEC AI AI AI 27 GB200 AI 2-3 5 2024 05 16 P.24 LPO/LRO LPO DSP driver TIA LPO TIA driver LRO LPO LPO/1.6T 3.2T CPO CPO AI CPO DAC Direct Attach Cable 800G DAC 3 AOC Active Optical Cables Chiplet Wafer-scaling AI ASIC MOE HB-DOMIN 4.2 AI Mellanox SHARP AI 2024 05 16 P.25 AI AI 28 OCS AI AI OCS 2024 05 16 P.26 29 OCS IP AI 4.3 ClOS CLOS CLOS 2024 05 16 P.27 30 31 CLOS 2:1 100M 100M 32 33 Pynetlabs 2024 05 16 P.28 34 35 The Journal of Information Technology Systems AI Spine-Leaf leaf spine full-mesh leaf spine backbone leaf AI AI AI HB-DOMIN Dragonfly 2008 HPC CLOS AI Dragonfly OCS OCS AI dragonfly dragonfly Groq AI 2024 05 16 P.29 36 37 Groq Groq Meta MIT Rail-only Rail-Only GPU HB HB GPU Rail HB Rail 75%HB-DOMIN HB-DOMIN 38 Rail-only SDNLAB 4.4 AI 2024 OPENAI 2028 2024 05 16 P.30 The information 1000 5 DCI HB-DOMIN AI HB IDC 2024 05 16 P.31 5.AI AI Scaling-Law LPO rail-only AI AI HB-DOMIN CPO 2024 05 16 P.32 39 5/14 300308.SZ 1377.2 300502.SZ 592.6 300394.SZ 533.1 300570.SZ 85.0 AOC 601138.SH 4767.4 002463.SZ 609.6 PCB 002837.SZ 183.0 688498.SH 120.3 002281.SZ 267.2 000988.SZ 314.6 688205.SH 39.4 688195.SH 35.0 301205.SZ 97.7 300620.SZ 104.3 002902.SZ 52.2 301165.SZ 186.5 000063.SZ 1274.7 000938.SZ 573.7 688702.SH-U 136.1 603118.SH 58.6 301191.SZ 49.7 603496.SH 84.5 688041.SH 1674.0 688256.SH-U 692.6 002916.SZ 454.7 PCB 600522.SH 512.3 600487.SH 381.1 601869.SH 142.3 688668.SH 48.2 002130.SZ 171.0 Wind 2024 05 16 P.33 6.1.AI AI C C AI 2.Scaling law 3.AI 2024 05 16 P.34 6 A 300 500 15%5%15%-5%+5%5%10%-10%+10%10%8 7 7 100077 555 22 200120 021-38124100 1115 330038 0791-86281485 100 24 518033
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