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INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT FOR TECHNOLOGICAL AND ENTERPRISE UPGRADING OF FERTILIZERS AND AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY Sectoral Strategy Sustainable Cuba ENSectoral Strategy April 2017 FOR TECHNOLOGICAL AND ENTERPRISE UPGRADING OF FERTILIZERS AND AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY Sustainable Cuba 2017 UNIDO - All rights reserved. This document has been produced without formal United Nations editing. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or its economic system or degree of development. Designations such as “developed” , “industrialized” or “developing” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. Mention of firm names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by UNIDO. Cover image: 2017 - adobestock Inner images: 2017 - adobestock, 2017 UNIDO Design: 2017 - excelcis DISCLAIMER 5 Content CONTENT Executive Summary 6 1. Overview of the Supporting Project 8 1.1 Rationale for the Supporting Project 9 1.2 Structure of the Supporting Project 10 2. Introduction to the Sectoral Analysis 12 2.1 Agricultural Industry and Food Production, Trends and Challenges 15 2.2 Major Mineral Fertilizers Production and Consumption Trends 16 2.3 Agricultural Machinery 17 3. Sectoral Analysis of Crop Supply and Demand 18 3.1 Selected Crops 21 3.2 Prioritized Crop: Rice 24 3.3 Prioritized Crop: Maize 24 3.4 Important Crop: Beans 25 3.5 Important Crop: Vegetables 26 3.6 Food, Health and the Ecological Footprint 26 4. Sectoral Analysis of the Supply and Demand of Fertilizers 28 4.1 Impact of Prioritized Crops on Fertilizer Production 30 4.2 The Impact of Important Crops on Fertilizer Production 31 4.3 Fertilizer Consumption based on Production and Import Requirements 31 4.4 Summary and Strategic Outlook 34 5. Sectoral Analysis of the Domestic Agro-Machinery Sector 36 5.1 Fertilization and Fertigation Equipment for Liquid Fertilizers 37 Conclusion Sectoral Analysis 40 Acronyms 41 Publication available in English and in Spanish.SECTORAL STRATEGY FOR TECHNOLOGICAL AND ENTERPRISE UPGRADING OF FERTILIZERS AND AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY unido/iump/iump-cuba.html SUSTAINABLE CUBA 6 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Executive Summary SECTORAL STRATEGY FOR TECHNOLOGICAL AND ENTERPRISE UPGRADING OF FERTILIZERS AND AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY A timely implementation of a complete “fertilization system” based on liquid fertilizers, including its scientific basis and the installation of equipment and processes within the project budget; The application of Cuban know-how enhanced by international best practice; The replacement of current imports; The pragmatic development of two production units, and the complete fertilization processes including the distribution and application of the fertilizers. The compliance with urgent market demands and with the associated and most recent intentions/ decisions of the relevant Cuban authorities; UNIDO is supporting Cubas efforts in investment and strategic-alliance promotion to strengthen its industrial capabilities and competitiveness in priority industrial sectors. As agreed with the Cuban authorities, the aims to be achieved are improvements to the business environment, industrial competitiveness, the attraction of foreign investment and sustainability. The project is closely in line with the internationally recognized Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In particular, SDG 2, which aims at achieving food security, improving nutrition and promoting sustainable agriculture, as well as SDG 9, which promotes building resilient infrastructure, inclusive and sustainable industrialization and innovation, are enhanced by the project. The project Technological and Enterprise Upgrading Programme on Agrochemicals and the Agricultural Machinery Production Sector (Industrial Upgrading and Modernization in Cuba) was developed at the request of the Ministry of Industry of Cuba and financially supported by a voluntary contribution from the Russian Federation, through the UNIDO Industrial Development Fund. A major reason for supporting the project arises from the difficulties experienced by the agriculture and agricultural machinery sectors in Cuba in satisfying the local demand for staple foods. The booming tourism industry adds additional pressure to this shortage and local farmers are not fully able to supply the high-quality food requested by international tourists. To overcome this shortfall in the food supply, Cuba is importing many agricultural products, which has created additional demand for trade and foreign exchanges and added to Cubas dependency on them. The project on Industrial Upgrading and Modernization in Cuba (Cuba IUMP) therefore aims to help solve numerous interlinked issues. Through the industrial upgrading and modernization of fertilizer and agricultural machinery sectors project in Cuba, the local supply of high-quality food will be strengthened. The direct beneficiaries of this project, namely farms, enterprises and cooperatives, are better equipped and, thus, able to use their capacities more efficiently. The local population and tourists benefit indirectly from the project through high-quality food, which will be produced in Cuba and therefore, be locally embedded. Moreover, it contributes to better nutrition and balanced diet. On the macroeconomic level, the project helps to decrease dependency on imports by strengthening agriculture and industry, thus reducing a negative balance of trade. Summarizing the above, the main goal of the project is to compare and match the food demand from the different stakeholders with the required inputs from industrial sources (for example, fertilizers and agricultural machinery). This enables the necessary conclusions to be drawn, in order to provide suggestions to make a significant improvement in the situation by using a system of defined priorities. It also contributes to capacity building, allowing Cuba to apply the same methodology elsewhere. The present sectoral analysis is a major milestone in achieving the project goals because it enables the identification of the improvement levers. The study initially concentrates on fertilizers and their related industries. The needs of these industries with regard to the application of fertilizers on the land, including the preparatory steps, have to be considered when identifying and analysing the associated challenges facing the agro-machinery industry. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for the agro-machinery industry are identified. Based on the analysis of crop production and imports while considering existing strategic cooperation, this sectoral analysis of fertilizer and agro-machinery production has developed a specific niche strategy. This niche strategy considers the elements shown on the right: Based on an overall analysis of prioritized and important crops, the present sectoral analysis suggests a fertilization system, which consists of liquid fertilizers with soluble bases, for example, calcium and magnesium, and, additionally, substitutes for Bayfolan. The fertilization system complies with the specific needs of Cuba and is not in conflict with the strategic cooperation measures currently being negotiated with the fertilizer and the agro-machinery industry. The sectoral analysis specifies the fertilizers identified, together with their specific capacity requirements for the selected crops. The results of the sectoral analysis will be used within the framework of the final study to design the required plant capacities. This will then determine the necessary feasibility, engineering works, and procurement activities. The present sectoral analysis has led to the research and selection of an appropriate strategy, and, therefore, the inception phase of the project is complete.SECTORAL STRATEGY FOR TECHNOLOGICAL AND ENTERPRISE UPGRADING OF FERTILIZERS AND AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY unido/iump/iump-cuba.html SUSTAINABLE CUBA 8 9 T he overall objective of the project “UNIDO Technological and Enterprise Upgrading Programme Focused on Agrochemical and the Agriculture Machinery Production Sector” (Cuba Industrial Upgrading and Modernization Programme, Cuba IUMP) is to contribute to the inclusive and sustainable industrial development of Cuba, and to improve food security. This will be achieved through the upgrading and modernization of the industrial-fertilizer and agricultural- machinery sectors, which will enhance the industrial performance and competitiveness of pilot enterprises operating in these sectors within the existing industrial hubs. Local populations and tourists will both benefit from improvements in the quality and quantity of a more nutritious food supply. The direct beneficiaries of the project are industrial enterprises, hubs and cooperatives of the fertilizer and agricultural-machinery industrial-sectors, as well as national technical expertise and enterprise-support institutions, ministries and other institutions. Indirect beneficiaries will include the final consumers both local populations and tourists who will have improved and sustainable access to high-quality products meeting their demand and requirements in the short-term. Moreover, the industrial and enterprise community of Cuba will benefit from established enterprise support services in the mid-term. CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE SUPPORTING PROJECT Overview of the Supporting Project Chapter 1 The overall objective of the project “UNIDO Technological and Enterprise Upgrading Programme Focused on Agrochemical and the Agriculture Machinery Production Sector” (Cuba Industrial Upgrading and Modernization Programme, Cuba IUMP) is to contribute to the inclusive and sustainable industrial development of Cuba, and to improve food security. The projects main counterparts are the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Investment of the Republic of Cuba (MINCEX) and the Ministry of Industry of the Republic of Cuba (MINDUS). A project advisory group was established during the projects inception phase. Its members include representatives from the following institutions: the Cuban Ferrous Metallurgy and Machine-Building Enterprise Group (GESIME); the Centre for Engineering and Chemical Research (CIIQ), Development Specialist; the Cuban Chemical Industry Enterprise Group (GEIQ); the Cuban Ministry of Industry (MINDUS); the Development Centre for Agricultural Machinery (CEDEMA); and the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Investment (MINCEX). The programme will be implemented via three main modules, as listed in Figure 4. 1.1 Rationale for the supporting projet In November 2014, the Cuban Minister of Foreign Trade and Foreign Investment, H.E. Rodrigo Malmierca, sent a request letter to UNIDO for the formulation of a Country Programme (CP) for Cuba 2015-2018. The letter was delivered personally to the director general by the Cuban Vice-Minister of Industries, H.E. Eloy Martinez, during the last ISID Forum organized by UNIDO in November 2014. From 2 to 6 February 2015, a Cuban delegation comprising seven high-level government officials visited UNIDO headquarters and several locations in Austria. The delegation requested that UNIDO develop technical assistance programmes that matched national priorities and priority sectors. UNIDO is supporting Cubas efforts in investment and strategic alliance promotion, aimed at strengthening its industrial capabilities and competitiveness in priority industrial sectors. This is being done through the formulation and implementation of a Country Programme Framework, in line with the economic and industrial transformations decided on by the government, and with the UNDAF signed for 2014-2018. The Country Programme Framework (CPF) focuses on three main outcomes, which have been agreed with the Cuban authorities: a. improving the business environment and sustainability; b. improving industrial competitiveness; and c. attracting foreign investment. Figure 1: Cuba sostenible The project cycle Figures 2 and 3: The official UNIDO Country Programme launch ceremony in Havana First, based on a sectoral analysis, a strategic action plan for the Cuban priority fertilizers and agricultural machinery industrial product lines/subsectors will be built. 1 2 3 Second, enterprise diagnosis and industrial upgrading of selected pilot manufacturing enterprises operating within the identified priority subsectors/existing hubs will be conducted. Third, the human and technical capacities of national counterpart institutions will be strengthened. As a result, expertise in the provision of enterprise diagnosis and industrial modernization, sectoral analysis, and other best practices will be achieved. Figure 4: Main modules of the programme OVERVIEW OF THE SUPPORTING PROJECTSECTORAL STRATEGY FOR TECHNOLOGICAL AND ENTERPRISE UPGRADING OF FERTILIZERS AND AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY unido/iump/iump-cuba.html SUSTAINABLE CUBA 10 11 The UNIDO Country Programme Framework for the period of 2016-2020 was signed by the UNIDO Director General, Mr. Li Yong and Cubas Minister of Industry, Mr. Salvador Pardo Cruz, on 2 December 2015 in Vienna, Austria, at the 16th Session of the UNIDO General Conference. One of the priority CPF areas, in accordance with the main outcomes agreed with the Cuban government is the development of an industrial upgrading and modernization programme (IUMP) focusing on priority agrochemicals and agricultural-machinery production sectors. The UNIDO Country Programme Mission to Cuba was held between 29 June and 3 July 2015, and included negotiations with key national stakeholders and several interested potential donors. During the mission, high-level officials from the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Investment, the Ministry of Industry (MINDUS), and representatives from the Cuban Ferrous Metallurgy and Machine-Building Business Group (GESIME), the Cuban Chemical Industry Business Group (GEIQ), and other interested stakeholders, endorsed the project concept of a technological and enterprise upgrading programme referred to as the project in the rest of this document focusing on the agrochemical and agricultural- machinery production sectors (Cuba IUMP). This project, which is supported by the government of the Russian Federation, was officially launched at the International Industrial Exhibition and Congress, “Cuba Industria 2016”, which t
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