资源描述
,Fake news, filter bubbles,post-truth and trust,FAKE NEWS,POST-TRUTH ANDFILTER BUBBLES,Fake news, filter bubbles,post-truthand trust | September2018,3,Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoplesproblems, not ours- 65% think that other people live in a bubble on the internet, mostly looking foropinions they already agree with BUT only 34% say they live in their own bubble- 63% are confident they can identify fake news - BUT only 41% think average personcan- 58% think theyre better than average at spotting fake news, only 28% think theyrenot- 60% think other people dont care about facts any more, they just believe what theywant- 59% think they have a better understanding of social realities like crime rates than theaverage person, only 29% think they dont,65%77%74%72%71%71%70%70%70%69%69%68%67%67%67%66%66%64%62%62%61%60%60%59%,57%55%50%44%,25%14%21%23%19%24%19%19%25%20%24%25%29%19%26%30%22%22%22%24%27%30%30%29%,25%28%37%35%,TotalUSIndiaMalaysiaSwedenTurkeyAustraliaGreat BritainMexicoCanadaSerbiaArgentinaChileHungarySouth AfricaPeruSouth KoreaPolandBelgiumSpainChinaBrazilRussiaSaudi Arabia,FranceGermanyItalyJapan,T1234567891011121314151617181920212223,24252627,Agree,Disagree,The average person inCOUNTRY lives in theirown bubble on theinternet, mostlyconnecting with peoplelike themselves andlooking for opinions theyalready agree with.KEY:,34%56%54%53%49%44%40%38%37%37%34%34%32%32%32%32%31%31%30%30%30%29%27%25%,25%23%23%22%,56%39%34%43%39%45%53%52%58%58%60%55%57%57%62%56%61%64%57%61%57%64%53%59%,62%70%71%64%,TotalIndiaChinaMalaysiaSaudi ArabiaSouth KoreaPeruBrazilSouth AfricaTurkeyChilePolandAustraliaHungaryRussiaUSCanadaMexicoBelgiumGreat BritainSpainSerbiaJapanFrance,ItalyArgentinaSwedenGermany,Base: 13,500 adults across 27 countries (500 GB),Agree,Disagree,I live in my own bubble onthe internet, mostlyconnecting with peoplelike myself and looking foropinions I already agreewith.KEY:,T1234567891011121314151617181920212223,24252627,than admit we do,Total,+31,Sweden,+48,This chart compares what,people say for others and,what they say for,themselves on how much,they live in a bubble, from,previous two slides,and shows how many,more people think that,others live in an internet,bubble than admit that,for themselves,T1,2 Argentina +453 US +454 Great Britain +405 Serbia +406 Mexico +397 Australia +388 Canada +389 Hungary +3510 Turkey +3411 Germany +3312 Chile +3313 Belgium +3214 Spain +3215 France +3216 South Africa +3017 Poland +3018 Russia +2819 Peru +2620 Italy +2521 South Korea +2222 Brazil +2223 Malaysia +1924 India +1825 Japan +1726 Saudi Arabia +1027 China +7,Were much more likely to think others live in filter bubble,+/- Net,7,41%69%60%60%58%55%54%46%44%44%44%40%40%39%39%38%38%37%37%36%34%32%29%29%,28%27%26%26%,48%23%34%29%34%39%27%48%50%51%49%49%56%48%47%51%45%53%48%51%59%53%53%62%,59%61%52%64%,TotalHungaryMalaysiaSaudi ArabiaChinaIndiaSpainPeruChileMexicoSerbiaRussiaTurkeyCanadaPolandBrazilFranceArgentinaSouth KoreaAustraliaSouth AfricaBelgiumGermanyUS,Great BritainItalyJapanSweden,T1234567891011121314151617181920212223,24252627,Base: 13,500 adults across 27 countries (500 GB),Agree,Disagree,I am confident that theaverage person inCOUNTRY can tell realnews from fake news.KEY:,8,T123456789101112131415,161718192021222324252627,63%77%76%76%76%74%73%72%72%70%70%69%68%68%67%66%,65%64%64%63%60%58%54%52%47%45%39%30%,25%19%20%21%15%20%20%19%23%25%18%17%22%23%19%21%,24%24%25%26%27%31%28%37%31%36%38%47%,TotalTurkeyChilePeruSerbiaMalaysiaSouth AfricaArgentinaMexicoIndiaSaudi ArabiaPolandBrazilHungaryAustraliaGreat Britain,USCanadaSwedenChinaBelgiumRussiaFranceItalyGermanySouth KoreaSpainJapan,Base: 13,500 adults across 27 countries (500 GB),KEY:Agree,Disagree,I am confident that I cantell real news from fakenews (entirely made upstories or facts).,T123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627,I can identify fake news but the rest of my country cant,+22+39+38+38+37+36+35+32+32+31+30+30+30+28+28+25+25+18+18+16+15+14+10+8+5+4,+/- Net-1-15,TotalSouth AfricaGreat BritainSwedenTurkeyUSArgentinaChileSerbiaAustraliaBrazilPeruPolandBelgiumMexicoCanadaItalyGermanyRussiaFranceIndiaMalaysiaSaudi ArabiaSouth KoreaChinaJapanHungarySpain,This chart compares whatpeople say for others andwhat they say forthemselves on being ableto identify fake news fromprevious two slidesand shows how manymore people think theaverage person cantidentify fake newscompared with them(except in Spain andHungary),10,58%73%72%69%69%69%68%66%65%65%64%62%60%59%59%59%58%56%54%54%53%52%50%49%,49%47%43%30%,28%23%23%23%19%24%17%21%26%26%29%28%22%28%23%27%31%24%28%25%26%29%31%36%,41%33%34%47%,TotalTurkeyPeruChileHungaryIndiaSerbiaSaudi ArabiaMalaysiaSouth AfricaMexicoBrazilPolandArgentinaAustraliaUSRussiaGreat BritainCanadaSwedenSpainBelgiumSouth KoreaChina,ItalyFranceGermanyJapan,T1234567891011121314151617181920212223,24252627,Base: 13,500 adults across 27 countries (500 GB),Agree,Disagree,I think Im better atspotting fake news thanthe average person inCOUNTRY.KEY:,11,60%71%70%69%68%67%66%66%65%64%64%64%64%62%62%61%60%60%58%56%55%,54%53%53%50%49%49%48%,30%25%25%27%23%26%24%30%32%25%24%33%23%26%24%35%29%31%38%30%36%,27%39%37%36%44%30%44%,TotalPeruSerbiaTurkeyUSArgentinaGreat BritainIndiaChileAustraliaHungaryMexicoPolandBelgiumGermanySouth AfricaCanadaSwedenMalaysiaSpainBrazil,FranceRussiaSouth KoreaSaudi ArabiaChinaJapanItaly,Base: 13,000 adults across 26 countries (500 GB),KEY:Agree,Disagree,The average person inCOUNTRY doesnt careabout facts about politicsand society anymore, theyjust believe what theywant.,T1234567891011121314151617181920,21222324252627,12,T1234567891011121314151617181920212223,24252627,59%76%75%74%72%71%68%68%67%66%66%65%64%60%58%57%57%56%55%52%51%50%50%48%,48%47%42%28%,29%20%20%22%24%24%21%25%23%23%27%25%21%23%27%28%24%32%33%35%35%34%36%30%,34%38%38%51%,TotalTurkeyIndiaChilePeruMexicoChinaMalaysiaArgentinaSerbiaSouth AfricaBrazilSaudi ArabiaPolandGreat BritainAustraliaSpainHungaryUSSwedenCanadaBelgiumRussiaGermany,South KoreaItalyFranceJapan,Base: 13,500 adults across 27 countries (500 GB),Agree,Disagree,I am confident I have abetter understanding ofsocial realities likeimmigration levels andcrime rates than theaverage person inCOUNTRY.KEY:,FAKE NEWS,EXPOSURE ANDMEANING,Fake news and media lies,- 60% say they very or fairly often see stories where news organisations havedeliberately lied BUT theres a very wide range from 82% in Argentina to 30%in Germany,- 48% say theyve believed a story they then found out was fake,- people define fake news mostly as stories where the facts are wrong, but36% see it as a term politicians use to discredit stories they dont like up to51% in the US,15,60%82%79%79%77%73%72%72%71%69%68%66%65%61%59%59%57%54%54%51%51%49%48%44%,43%39%36%30%,28%16%14%17%21%19%24%25%17%24%26%31%22%26%28%30%29%26%30%32%30%36%36%42%,47%52%41%42%,TotalArgentinaSerbiaTurkeyMexicoBrazilIndiaPeruHungaryMalaysiaSouth AfricaChilePolandUSItalyRussiaAustraliaFranceGreat BritainSaudi ArabiaSpainBelgiumCanadaSweden,ChinaSouth KoreaJapanGermany,T1234567891011121314151617181920212223,24252627,Base: 13,500 adults across 27 countries (500 GB),Very/Fairly often,Not very often/Never,How often, if at all, doyou think you see storieswhere news organisationshave deliberately saidsomething that isnt true?KEY:,16,48%62%58%58%57%57%56%55%55%55%54%54%51%50%50%49%48%48%46%46%45%45%43%35%,34%33%33%29%,40%29%29%29%39%29%34%37%33%29%41%43%41%45%41%39%39%39%39%42%39%38%40%51%,46%54%63%62%,TotalBrazilSaudi ArabiaSouth KoreaPeruSpainChinaIndiaPolandSwedenChileMexicoArgentinaMalaysiaSouth AfricaRussiaCanadaSerbiaAustraliaUSBelgiumGermanyFranceHungary,JapanGreat BritainTurkeyItaly,Base: 13,500 adults across 27 countries (500 GB),Agree,Disagree,I have falsely believed anews story was real until Ifound out it was fake.KEY:,T1234567891011121314151617181920212223,24252627,56%44%36%5%7%,Stories where the facts are wrongStories where news outlet or politiciansonly pick facts that support their side ofthe argumentA term politicians and the media use todiscredit news they dont agree with.None of theseDont know,When you hear the term “fake news”, what are youpersonally thinking of?,18,56%71%68%68%67%65%62%62%62%62%61%58%55%55%55%54%53%52%52%52%51%51%50%45%39%37%33%,TotalSwedenBrazilItalySouth AfricaGreat BritainGermanyMalaysiaTurkeyUSBelgiumCanadaAustraliaJapanMexicoFranceIndiaArgentinaChileHungaryPolandSouth KoreaSerbiaSaudi ArabiaPeruSpainRussia,Base: 13,000 adults across 26 countries (500 GB),When you hear the term“fake news”, what are youpersonally thinking of?Stories where the factsare wrong.,% Yes,T1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526,19,44%66%62%60%58%57%56%55%53%53%53%51%50%50%50%50%48%46%42%39%37%35%31%26%25%25%18%,TotalSerbiaSouth AfricaTurkeyArgentinaChileUSIndiaPolandSpainSwedenHungaryAustraliaMalaysiaPeruRussiaMexicoCanadaGreat BritainBelgiumSouth KoreaFranceSaudi ArabiaGermanyBrazilJapanItaly,When you hear the term“fake news”, what are youpersonally thinking of?Stories where the newsoutlets or politicians onlypick facts that supporttheir side of theargument.,% Yes,Base: 13,000 adults across 26 countries (500 GB),T1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526,20,36%51%49%48%47%46%46%46%45%44%43%43%42%42%40%38%36%35%35%32%30%30%27%25%19%18%11%,TotalUSPeruMalaysiaSwedenCanadaChileRussiaSouth AfricaSouth KoreaArgentinaTurkeyAustraliaGreat BritainPolandMexicoIndiaHungarySpainBelgiumSaudi ArabiaSerbiaFranceGermanyJapanBrazilItaly,When you hear the term“fake news”, what are youpersonally thinking of?A term politicians and themedia use to discreditnews they dont agreewith.,% Yes,Base: 13,000 adults across 26 countries (500 GB),T1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526,WHY DO WE,GET SO MUCHWRONG?,Why do people think were wrong?,- the majority of people globally put the blame for our misperceptions ofthings like immigration levels or crime rates down to politicians misleading us,closely followed by the media misleading us,- but 43% also see it as partly about our own biases, like our focus on negativeinformation, misleading us and this is highest in the US at 57%,
展开阅读全文