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F E D E R A L R E S E R V E S T A T I S T I C A L R E L E A S E RFor use at 12:00 noon, eastern time March 7, 2019 Z.1 Financial Accounts of the United States Flow of Funds, Balance Sheets, and Integrated Macroeconomic Accounts Fourth Quarter 2018 B O A R D OF G O V E R N O R S OF T H E F E D E R A L R E S E R V E S Y S T E M i Household Net Worth and Growth of Domestic Nonfinancial Debt Year Household net worth1 Growth of domestic nonfinancial debt2 Total Households Businesses Federal government State and local govts 2009 60,409 3.7 0.5 -3.9 20.4 4.7 2010 64,702 4.3 -0.6 -0.8 18.5 2.6 2011 66,457 3.6 -0.0 2.6 10.8 -1.2 2012 72,316 4.8 1.1 5.0 10.1 0.0 2013 81,542 3.8 1.6 4.6 6.7 -1.7 2014 86,927 4.1 2.2 6.3 5.4 -1.2 2015 89,614 4.4 2.3 7.0 5.0 0.3 2016 95,101 4.5 3.3 5.4 5.6 1.1 2017 103,484 4.1 3.9 5.7 3.7 -0.1 2018 104,329 4.5 3.2 3.7 7.6 -1.7 2016: Q4 95,101 2.0 2.6 1.8 2.1 -0.3 2017: Q1 97,272 3.2 3.7 5.9 1.7 -2.2 Q2 98,866 4.7 3.9 6.6 4.9 -0.9 Q3 100,926 4.9 2.7 6.2 6.9 -0.6 Q4 103,484 3.3 5.1 3.6 1.3 3.5 2018: Q1 104,427 6.2 3.1 3.2 13.4 -2.9 Q2 106,226 4.3 3.2 3.5 6.9 -0.4 Q3 108,059 4.5 3.6 3.9 6.8 -1.3 Q4 104,329 2.7 2.9 3.8 2.5 -2.2 1. Shown on table B.101, which includes nonprofit organizations. Billions of dollars; amounts outstanding end of period, not seasonally adjusted. 2. Percentage changes calculated as transactions at a seasonally adjusted annual rate divided by previous quarters seasonally adjusted level, shown at an annual rate. The net worth of households and nonprofits fell to $104.3 trillion during the fourth quarter of 2018. The value of directly and indirectly held corporate equities decreased $4.6 trillion and the value of real estate increased $0.3 trillion. Domestic nonfinancial debt outstanding was $51.8 trillion at the end of the fourth quarter of 2018, of which household debt was $15.6 trillion, nonfinancial business debt was $15.2 trillion, and total government debt was $20.9 trillion. Domestic nonfinancial debt expanded 2.7 percent at an annual rate in the fourth quarter of 2018, down from an annual rate of 4.5 percent in the previous quarter. Household debt increased 2.9 percent at an annual rate in the fourth quarter of 2018. Consumer credit grew at an annual rate of 6.2 percent, while mortgage debt (excluding charge-offs) grew at an annual rate of 2.1 percent. Nonfinancial business debt rose at an annual rate of 3.8 percent in the fourth quarter of 2018, down from a 3.9 percent annual rate in the previous quarter. Federal government debt increased 2.5 percent at an annual rate in the fourth quarter of 2018, down from a 6.8 percent annual rate in the previous quarter. State and local government debt contracted at an annual rate of 2.2 percent in the fourth quarter of 2018, after contracting at an annual rate of 1.3 percent in the previous quarter.Recent Developments in Household Net Worth and Domestic Nonfinancial Debt ii iii Topic Description Level discrepancies series for debt securities New level discrepancy series have been added to the Treasury securities (table L.210), agency- and GSE-backed securities (table L.211), municipal securities (table L.212), and corporate and foreign bonds (table L.213) instrument tables. These discrepancies are calculated as the difference between total liabilities, which are mostly recorded at book value, and total assets, which are mostly recorded at market value. Previously, these differences were included in the residually calculated holdings of the household and nonprofit organizations sector. Household and nonprofit organizations holdings of debt securities reported at market value Treasury securities, agency- and GSE-backed securities, municipal securities, and corporate and foreign bonds held by households and nonprofit organizations (tables L.101, B.101, R.101, and B.101.h) are now reported at market value beginning in 1996:Q4. Holding gains and losses on these securities are estimated using market price indexes; transactions continue to be calculated residually. Debt securities held by private depository institutions and holding companies are now reported at market value Treasury securities, agency- and GSE-backed securities, municipal securities, and corporate and foreign bonds held by U.S.-chartered depository institutions (table L.111) are now reported at market value beginning in 2012:Q1. Also, net purchases of these debt securities by foreign banking offices in U.S. (table F.112), banks in U.S.-affiliated areas (table F.113), credit unions (table F.114), and holding companies (table F.131) have been revised beginning 2012:Q1 to remove holding gains and losses from their transactions. Holdings for these four sectors were already reported at market value. SDDS Plus: Other Financial Corporations Survey The “International Data Submissions” webpage of the Financial Accounts Guide includes a new quarterly Other Financial Corporations Survey table and SDMX file, as required by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for adherence to the SDDS Plus initiative. FEDS Note A new FEDS note was published on January 4, 2019: “Household and Nonprofit Balance Sheets in the Financial Accounts of the United States” (Elizabeth Holmquist). Downloadable list of code changes A new downloadable file containing the list of code changes has been added to the Code Change webpage of the Financial Accounts Guide. The file will be updated with each release. Release Highlights Fourth Quarter 2018 iv v Financial Accounts of the United States The Statistical Release Z.1, “Financial Accounts of the United States,” or Financial Accounts, is organized into the following sections: Matrices summarizing transactions and levels across sectors and tables on debt growth, net national wealth, gross domestic product (GDP), national income, saving, and so on Transactions of financial assets and liabilities, by sector and by financial instrument Levels of financial assets and liabilities, by sector and by financial instrument Balance sheets, including nonfinancial assets, and changes in net worth for households and nonprofit organizations, nonfinancial corporate businesses, and nonfinancial noncorporate businesses Supplementary balance sheet tables for the household sector, nonprofit organization sector, and the household and nonprofit organization sector with additional equity detail Integrated Macroeconomic Accounts (IMA) The IMA relate production, income, saving, and capital formation from the Bureau of Economic Analysiss (BEA) national income and product accounts (NIPA) to changes in net worth from the Financial Accounts on a sector-by-sector basis. The IMA are published jointly by the Federal Reserve Board and BEA and are based on international guidelines and terminology as defined in the System of National Accounts (SNA2008). Federal Reserve Board staff have taken many steps over the past several years to conform the Financial Accounts with the SNA2008 guidelines. Nonetheless, a few important differences remain, in particular, the following in the Financial Accounts: The purchase of consumer durables is treated as investment rather than as consumption. Nonfinancial noncorporate businesses (which are often small businesses) are shown in a separate sector rather than being included in the household sector. Some debt securities are recorded at book value rather than market value. Concepts of Levels and Transactions in the SNA and the Financial Accounts The level of an asset or liability (also referred to as the “stock” or “outstanding”) measures the value of the asset or liability in existence at a point in time. In the Financial Accounts, the levels are reported as of the end of each calendar quarter. In the SNA2008, the change in the level from one period to the next is called the economic flow, and can be decomposed into three broad elements: transactions, which measure the exchange of assets; revaluations, which measure holding gains and losses; and other changes in volume, which measure discontinuities or breaks in time series due to disaster losses or a change in source data or definition. In practice, other volume changes are relatively rare, and revaluations occur mainly for series carried at market value (such as corporate equities, real estate, and some debt securities), so for many series the change in the level is equal to the transactions element. Growth Rates Growth rates calculated from levels include revaluations and other changes in volume. In order to isolate the effect of transactions on the growth of a given asset or liability, users should calculate the ratio of transactions in a given period to the level in the preceding period. Growth rates in table D.1 are calculated by dividing transactions at a seasonally adjusted annual rate from table D.2 by seasonally adjusted levels at the end of the previous period from table D.3. Growth rates calculated from changes in unadjusted levels may differ from those in table D.1. Seasonal Adjustment Seasonal factors are recalculated and updated every September with the release of second-quarter data. Series that exhibit significant seasonal patterns are adjusted. The seasonal factors are generated using the X-13-ARIMA seasonal adjustment program from the U.S. Census Bureau, estimated using the most recent 10 years of transaction data. Because the effects of the recent financial crisis resulted in distortions in the estimated seasonal factors for some series, seasonal factors for these series have been extrapolated using pre-crisis data. Seasonally adjusted levels shown in table D.3 are derived by carrying forward year-end levels by seasonally adjusted transactions. Explanatory Notes vi Data Revisions Data shown for the most recent quarters are based on preliminary and potentially incomplete information. A summary list of the most recent data available for each sector is provided in a table following these notes. Nonetheless, when source data are revised or estimation methods are improved, all data are subject to revision. There is no specific revision schedule; rather, data are revised on an ongoing basis. In each release of the Financial Accounts, major revisions are highlighted at the beginning of the publication. Discrepancies The data in the Financial Accounts come from a large variety of sources and are subject to limitations and uncertainty due to measurement errors, missing information, and incompatibilities among data sources. The size of this uncertainty cannot be quantified, but its existence is acknowledged by the inclusion of “statistical discrepancies” for various sectors and financial instruments. The discrepancy for a given sector is defined as the difference between the aggregate value of the sectors sources of funds and the value of its uses of funds. Sources of funds are gross savings less net capital transfers paid and net increase in liabilities; uses of funds are capital expenditures and the net acquisition of financial assets. If a sectors sources of funds are greater than its uses of funds, the sector is a net lender of funds in the accounts. In the reverse case, the sector would be a net borrower of funds. Most of the data for deriving gross savings come from the BEAs NIPA. For a financial instrument category, the discrepancy is defined as the difference between the measurement of funds raised through the financial instrument and funds disbursed through that instrument. The relative size of the statistical discrepancy is one indication of the quality of the underlying source data. Note that differences in seasonal adjustment procedures sometimes result in quarterly discrepancies that partially or completely offset each other in the annual data. Financial Accounts Guide Substantially more detail on the construction of the Financial Accounts is available in the Financial Accounts Guide, which provides interactive, online documentation for each data series. The tools and descriptions in the guide are designed to help users understand the structure and content of the Financial Accounts. Each input and calculated series in the Z.1 is identified according to a unique string of patterned numbers and letters. The series structure page of the guide provides a breakdown of what the letters and numbers represent in the series mnemonics. Some data submissions to international organizations are also available in the guide. The guide is updated with the quarterly release and is available online: federalreserve.gov/apps/fof Enhanced Financial Accounts and Data Visualization Additional supplementary information is available online in the Enhanced Financial Accounts, which augment the Financial Accounts with finer detail, additional types of activities, higher-frequency data, and more-disaggregated data. Links to the Enhanced Financial Accounts are available from both the Financial Accounts Guide page and the main release page. In addition, interactive online data visualizations are available for selected components of the Financial Accounts and Enhanced Financial Accounts. Links are available also on the same pages. Production Schedule The Financial Accounts are published four times per year, about 10 weeks following the end of each calendar quarter. The publication is available online: federalreserve.gov/releases/Z1 This website also provides CSV files of quarterly data for transactions at a seasonally adjusted annual rate, unadjusted transactions, levels outstanding, balance sheets, debt tables, supplementary tables, and the IMA. In addition, the data are available as customizable datasets through the Federal Reserve Boards Data Download Program online: federalreserve.gov/datadownload/default.htm Print Subscription Information The Federal Reserve Board charges a fee for subscriptions to print versions of statistical releases. Inquiries regarding print versions should be directed to the following office: Publications Services, Stop 127 Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System 20th Street and Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20551 (202) 452-3245 vii Sector Table Available at time of publication National income and product accounts (NIPA) (various tables) Initial estimate, seasonally adjusted, for 2018:Q4. Corporate profits through 2018:Q3. Government receipts and expeditures unadjusted transactions from 1952:Q1 forward. GDP and income unadjusted transactions from 2002:Q1 forward. Many BEA series are downloaded via Haver Analytics. Households and nonprofit organizations sector (tables F.101 and L.101) Estimates for this sector are largely residuals and are derived from data for other sectors. Availability of data depends on schedules for other sectors. Data for consumer credit, which are estimated directly, are available through 2018:Q4. Internal Revenue Service Statistics of Income (IRS/SOI) data for nonprofit organizations available through 2015 (table B.101.n). Nonfinancial corporate
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