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1BENEFITS OF CLIMATE ACTIONPiloting A Global Approach To Measurement12Mexico City is the pilot city for the measurement of the benefits from bikeability and walkability profiled in this report. This research would not have been possible without their participation, which has been fundamental to taking forward the complex but critical research on benefits; their leadership on this will benefit the whole C40 network.C40 commissioned Arup to support this research. Arup is the creative force at the heart of many of the worlds most prominent projects in the built environment and across industry. They offer a broad range of professional services that combine to make a real difference to their clients and the communities in which they work.Novo Nordisk is a global healthcare company with more than 90 years of innovation and leadership in diabetes care. Novo Nordisk initiated the Cities Changing Diabetes partnership programme in response to the urgent challenge caused by the dramatic rise of diabetes in cities.In late 2015, Novo Nordisk and C40 formed a research-based partnership aimed at ensuring that urban climate action is beneficial to both the environment and the health of urban citizens. This collaboration aims to generate new insights into a range of benefits of climate action in particular the health of city populations. At the heart of the partnership lies the pivotal role of cities in the fight against climate change and poor health. Partners and collaboratorsThe C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group (C40), now in its 11th year, connects more than 85 of the worlds greatest cities, representing over 650 million people and one quarter of the global economy. Created and led by cities, C40 is focused on tackling climate change and driving urban action that reduces greenhouse gas emissions and climate risks, while increasing the health, wellbeing and economic opportunities of urban citizens. 2 3E N T S1 Foreword2 The Benefits of Urban Climate Actionnull nullabling Action Through nullesearchnull nullitial Findingsnullnullmonstrating the Benefits of Binulleabilitnulland nullalnullabilitnullnull nullitial FindingsnullUnderstanding nullw Cities Can Measure Benefitsnull Manullng the Case for nullnulleablenullnullow Carbon Cities3461020 24C TO N1 ForewordThe Paris Agreement has set a clear target limit global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius in order to prevent catastrophic climate change. Now we need to deliver. This research on measuring the benefits of climate action is critical to enabling the much needed step change in the speed and scale of climate action taken by cities in order to deliver the Paris Agreement. We know that truly transformational and urgent action is needed on climate change our research shows that C40 cities must take approximately 14,000 new climate actions by 2020. That means doing things faster and more efficiently, thankfully C40 is perfectly placed to support this. We also know that making the case for climate action is one of the biggest barriers preventing city leaders from taking action. That is why I welcome this new report and the work that will flow from it.This benefits research aims to equip C40 mayors with the evidence and tools to make the case for faster, broader climate action. By demonstrating the full range of benefits of climate action, C40 can help cities unlock action and avoid false trade-offs.The pilot work highlighted in this report shows that climate action has a wide range of economic, social and environmental benefits. We provide evidence which demonstrates that climate action can not only reduce the impacts of climate change but also provide employment and support economic growth, as well as improving the health and well-being of citizens. Initial findings from our pilot work with Mexico City show that climate action to improve bikeability and walkability has created over 350 local jobs and saved the city $65 million US dollars. The increase in active lifestyles from biking and walking has had a huge range of benefits for the health and wellbeing of citizens, including dramatically reducing the risk of obesity and associated Non-Communicable Diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.This pilot is the critical first step to measuring benefits - enabling C40 cities to make a stronger case for climate action and supporting the development of the healthy, liveable, low carbon cities of the future. Mark Watts Executive Director C4054SHOWING THE BENEFIT OF CLIMATE ACTION, HOW IT IMPACTS THE LIVES OF OUR CITIZENS AND SUPPORTS THE LOCAL, IMMEDIATE PRIORITIES FOR MEXICO CITY IS CRITICAL. THIS RESEARCH DEMONSTRATES THIS, SHOWING A WIDE RANGE OF BENEFITS FROM BIKEABILITY AND WALKABILITY ACTIONS, AND HOW THEY IMPROVE THE HEALTH, WEALTH AND LOCAL ENVIRONMENT FOR US.” Mayor Mancera, Mexico City“THE POTENTIAL NET PRESENT BENEFITS OF MEXICO CITYS BIKE LANES TOTALS MORE THAN US $6nullMILLION, ALMOST 6 TIMES MORE THAN THE COSTSnullnullOF ECOBICI USERS NOTICED POSITIVE nullALITY OF LIFE IMPROVEMENTS SINCE THEY STARTED USING THE BIKE SHARE PROGRAMME65MILLIONAN AVERAGE ECOBICI USER SPENDS nullnullnullnull MINUTES PER WEEK DOING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 4782MINUTESCYCLING PREVENTS AN ESTIMATED InullDEATHS IN MEXICO CITY PER YEAR DUE TO THE PROTECTIVE BENEFITS OF INCREASED PHYSICAL ACTIVITYTENDEATHSPREVENTEDTHE PEDESTRIANISATION OF MADERO STREET IS USED FOR AROUND IInull MILLION InullILOMETRE WALKING TRIPS A YEARII7MILLION KMnullnullPOSITIVE2 The Benefits of Urban Climate ActionThis pilot research aims to enable cities to measure the wider benefits of climate action, empowering them to make a much stronger case for a much greater scale of action. The purpose of the research is to evidence the benefits of climate action, but more than this to understand how cities can evidence these benefits as efficiently, effectively and expeditiously as possible.This report shares initial findings on measuring the wider benefits of climate action focusing on bikeability and walkability in Mexico City; specifically the introduction of bike lanes, a bike share scheme (EcoBici) and the pedestrianisation of a major avenue (Madero Street). Climate action has a range of wider benefits for the health and prosperity of cities and their citizens. The benefits of urban climate action from green jobs and growth, to active, happier lives and cleaner air and water have an immediate, tangible impact on peoples lives.Making the case for climate action is one of the leading challenges cities face to undertaking ambitious urban climate action. The ability to demonstrate these benefits is a critical first step to unlocking climate action. Cities need the evidence and tools to make a stronger case, enabling the staggering increase in the scale and pace of action required.Inclusive climate actions present opportunities to forge a more equal, happy and prosperous society as well as a climate positive one.Inclusive climate actions tackle multiple mayoral priorities simultaneously, deliver multiple benefits to all segments of the population, and ultimately result in more transformational climate solutions.76WE KNOW CLIMATE ACTIONS HAVE WIDER BENEFITS FOR OUR CITIZENS, BEING ABLE TO EVALUATE THEM IS VITAL FOR US. BY UNDERSTANDING THE FULL BENEFITS OF POLICY AND PROnullCTS WE CAN MAKE MORE INFORMED CHOICES AND TAKE ACTION THAT CREATES NOT ONLY CLIMATE POSITIVE CITIES BUT A BETTER nullALITY OF LIFE FOR OUR CITIZENS.” Tanya Mller Garca, Secretary for the Environment, Mexico City1 Deadline 2020, C40-Arup Partnership, 2016.2 Potential for Climate Action and Unlocking Climate Action in Megacities, C40-Arup Partnership, 2015.“3 Enabling Action Through Research 3.1 The time for urgent climate action is nowThe Paris Agreement represents a historic step in tackling climate change. It recognises that transformational and urgent action is needed and creates an unprecedented mandate and momentum for this. The global task now is to identify and deliver action at the tremendous pace and scale needed to achieve it.Cities are central to achieving this ambition. They are responsible for 70% of global greenhouse gas emissions and home to more than 50% of the worlds population. C40 and Arups research on delivering the Paris Agreement indicates that C40 cities must reach zero net emissions by 2050 if they are to achieve the aspiration to keep the world below 1.5 degrees Celsius of global warming. Achieving this target requires an explosion in action; cities need to take approximately 14,000 new climate actions by 2020 (around 170 actions per city).1Each one of these actions will need political and financial support. Yet one of the main barriers hindering cities from delivering climate action is effectively making the case for it.2Climate change is often seen as competing with a range of more immediate and tangible issues, such as lack of affordable housing, poverty, unemployment, and poor health. Without a holistic and persuasive case that articulates how climate action contributes to these priorities, it is challenging to attract the support required. NETA CBIOALIGNN8 9Enabling Anullinull nullhrnullgh nullesearnullTHIS FOCUS REFLECTS THE REALITY OF CITIES BUT FURTHERMORE ENCOURAGES INTEGRATED DECISION MAKING AND ENCOMPASSES ALL CITIZENS nullVITAL TO ENABLING THE SCALE AND SCOPE OF ACTION.”“3.2 Accelerating impact: Benefits research to unlock inclusive actionIn response to this critical barrier, C40 has launched an enabling research programme on the benefits of inclusive climate action. This programme recognises the enormity of the challenge but also the scale of the opportunity; climate action has a wide range of benefits for health and prosperity and offers the potential to create not only low-carbon cities but more liveable cities where everybody has an opportunity for a better quality of life. The focus on inclusive action recognises that cities face a range of competing priorities, and that in order to enable climate action cities need to address these short-term and local priorities as well. Similarly, the use of the term benefits instead of co-benefits reflects the fact that climate change is often seen as competing with a range of more immediate and tangible issues. This focus on inclusive action and overall benefits not only better reflects the reality of cities but furthermore encourages integrated decisionmaking and encompasses all citizens vital to enabling the scale and scope of action. The research programme will focus on enabling the priority, high impact actions. By providing evidence of the full range of benefits from climate action, cities can avoid making false trade-offs and can drive urban development that reduces greenhouse gas emissions and climate risks, while increasing the health, wellbeing and economic opportunities of urban citizens.3.3 Proof of concept: Piloting a practical approach to benefits measurementAs part of the wider research programme, C40, in partnership with Novo Nordisk, launched this pilot project. This work sets out to break new ground on benefits measurement, paving the way for an ongoing global effort.The aim is not only to add to the growing body of evidence confirming (at a city and project level) that climate action has wider benefits, but also to understand the art of the possible in measuring the benefits of urban climate action. How can cities evidence the benefits of climate action as efficiently, effectively and expeditiously as possible? And how can C40 and the wider research community best support this effort?Given the urgency, it is vital to make the case for action now using the best available existing data. In parallel C40 will also work to improve the data cities have and strengthen the case in the future. And throughout it all it is important to develop a process that cities can practically and readily deploy.Through this pilot C40 are developing and testing a standard and practical approach to measuring the benefits of five climate actions in four cities: bikeability and walkability in Mexico City; urban forestry in Melbourne; energy efficiency retrofits in New York City; and Bus Rapid Transit in Santiago.3This on the ground research provides valuable insights into how best to evidence the case for climate action.Active commuting is associated with an 11% reduction in cardiovascular risk4Individuals in less walkable areas were up to 1/3 more likely to be obese or have diabetes6Individuals living in more walkable areas are more than twice as likely to walk, bicycle or use public transport53 nullnullte in nullantiagnull this pilnullt nullnullnullplinullents enullisting researnullh the nullitnull is alreadnull undertanulling. 4-6 nullee appendinull nullnullr renullerennullesREDUCEDCARDIOVASCLUARRISKTWICE ASLIKELYTO WALKLESSPRONE TODIABETES11104 Initial Findings: Demonstrating the Benefits of Bikeability and WalkabilityThis report profiles initial findings from the pilot, focusing on the research and analysis undertaken with Mexico City. Social, environmental and economic benefits from the following climate actions are presented: the introduction of bike lanes; the introduction of EcoBici, a bike share scheme; and the pedestrianisation of Madero Street, a major avenue in Mexico City. Some wider findings from the pilot and global research on bikeability and walkability are also included.The section starts by firstly outlining the actions in more detail and situating them within the wider Mexico City context. Then the results are presented as three infographics summarising the social, environmental and economic benefits. Finally, initial observations are given about how cities can measure benefits and the support they might need to do so. This report presents a summary of the findings, a detailed description of the research approach and results is available in the online appendix;c40/researches/measuring-benefits-appendixA full report documenting the final findings from the research in all four cities will be available in early 2017. EEIFDBOESTISMNTRNAGTNIN MEXICO CITY, AND GLOBALLY, WE ARE FACING FUNDAMENTAL HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHALLENGES. THESE ARE INTERLINKEDnullTHEY CAN EXACERBATE EACH OTHER OR THEY HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO PROVIDE A DUAL SOLUTION FOR THE HEALTH OF PEOPLE AND PLANET.” Dr. Armando Ahued, Secretary of Health, Mexico City“12 13OVERI00ACTIONSCITYPOWERMORE THAN$I0MFUNDINGCycling and walking strategiesnullitial nullndingsnull nullnullnstrating the nullnenulls null nullnulleabilitnull and nullalnullabilitnull4.1 Defining climate actions within the wider city and policy contextPlan VerdenullPublished in 2007 Plan Verde (Green Plan) sets out a 15 year sustainable pathway for Mexico City including: $1Bn per year to develop transport, water, waste, land conservation and energynullThe cumulative emissions reduction over the lifetime of all of Mexico Citys intermodal mobility actions
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