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International Tourism Highlights2019 Edition$protocol:/e-unwto/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421152 - Friday, August 30, 2019 5:01:13 AM - IP Address:175.16.58.130 20092008 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018International tourism continues to outpace the global economy 2Driven by a relatively strong global economy, a growing middle class in emerging economies, technological advances, new business models, affordable travel costs and visa facilitation, international tourist arrivals grew 5% in 2018 to reach the 1.4 billion mark. This figure was reached two years ahead of UNWTO forecast.At the same time, export earnings generated by tourism have grown to USD 1.7 trillion. This makes the sector a true global force for economic growth and development, driving the creation of more and better jobs and serving as catalyst for innovation and entrepreneurship. In short, tourism is helping build better lives for millions of individuals and transforming whole communities. Growth in international tourist arrivals and receipts continues to outpace the world economy and both emerging and advanced economies are benefiting from rising tourism income. For the seventh year in a row, tourism exports grew faster than merchandise exports, reducing trade deficits in many countries.With such growth comes more responsibility in ensuring effective destination management that minimizes any adverse effect of tourism. Managing tourism in a sustainable manner for the benefit of all is more critical than ever. We need to grow more in value rather than just in volume. Digitalization, innovation, greater accessibility and societal changes are expected to continue shaping our sector. Both destinations and companies will need to adapt to remain competitive, while at the same time embracing tourism as a means of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and building a better future for all. Zurab PololikashviliSecretary-General World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)1.4 billionTotal international tourist arrivals+5%+4%USD 1.7 trillionTotal international tourism exports(International tourism receipts + passenger transport)Revenues from visitor spending have grown faster than the world economy 5.26420-2-4-63.84.43.6 Receipts (% change, real terms) GDP (% change, real terms)International tourism receipts and world GDP (% change)Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and International Monetary Fund (IMF), July 2019.(% change)$protocol:/e-unwto/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421152 - Friday, August 30, 2019 5:01:13 AM - IP Address:175.16.58.130 2018 9th consecutive year of sustained growth3Asia and the Pacific348 million +7% USD 435 billion +7% Europe710 million +5% USD 570 billion +5% Americas216 million +2% USD 334 billion +0% Middle East60 million +5% USD 73 billion +4% Africa67 million +7% USD 38 billion +2% Tourism has seen continued expansion over time, despite occasional shocks, demonstrating the sectors strength and resilienceInternational tourist arrivals (million) and tourism receipts (USD billion)Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), July 2019. 7.05.25.44.4 Arrivals (% change) Receipts (% change, real terms)International tourist arrivals and tourism receipts (% change)Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), July 2019. 20092008 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 201886420-2-4-695 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 181,6001,4001,2001,0008006004002000 Arrivals (million) Receipts (USD billion)1,4511,401Map of international tourist arrivals (million) and tourism receipts (USD billion)Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), July 2019.$protocol:/e-unwto/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421152 - Friday, August 30, 2019 5:01:13 AM - IP Address:175.16.58.130 The Big Picture Strong economy drives tourism growth4Favourable economic environment 2018 World GDP = +3.6%. Exchange rate movements generally moderate. Low interest rates.Strong demand for air travel +6% in international passenger traffic measured in revenue passenger kilometres (RPKs) according to IATA. Stable fuel prices and lower fares (fares at -60% vs 1998). Over the past two decades, the number of unique city pairs connected by air transport has more than doubled, reaching more than 20,000 at ever lower costs. Digital technologies are shaping travellers experience Artificial Intelligence is transforming tourism, from virtual assistants to companies being able to offer hyper-personalized customer experiences and improve business performance. An increasing number of destinations are measuring tourism in real time for a better management of visitor flows.Enhanced visa facilitation eVisas and visas on arrival on the rise while traditional visas are decreasing. The share of world population requiring a traditional visa declined from 75% in 1980 to 53% in 2018. However, half of the world population still needed a traditional visa in 2018.Source: International Monetary Fund (IMF) and International Air Transport Association (IATA).World population affected by visas, 1980 versus 2018 (% share)Source: UNWTO Visa Facilitation Report, 2018. 532116101980 2018Traditional visaNo visa requiredVisa on arrivaleVisa80706050403020100(% share)$protocol:/e-unwto/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421152 - Friday, August 30, 2019 5:01:13 AM - IP Address:175.16.58.130 The Big Picture Societal changes 5Sustainability and competitiveness go hand in hand as destinations and businesses can become more competitive through the efficient use of resources, the promotion of biodiversity conservation and actions to tackle climate change.Sustainability, a key part of tourism policies in 101 UNWTO Member States surveyed100 %refer to sustainability as an objective67%refer to resource efficiency64 %connect sustainability and competitiveness55%refer to sustainability extensively10 yearsaverage duration of tourism policiesSource: UNWTO Baseline Report on the Integration of Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns into Tourism Policies, 2019.Consumer travel trends Travel to change Live like a local, quest for authenticity and transformation. Travel to show Instagramable moments, experiences and destinations. Pursuit of a healthy life Walking, wellness and sports tourism. Rise of the access economy. Solo travel & multigenerational travel as a result of aging population and single households. Rising awareness on sustainability zero plastic and climate change. $protocol:/e-unwto/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421152 - Friday, August 30, 2019 5:01:13 AM - IP Address:175.16.58.130 76543210Regional Tourism ResultsAsia and the Pacific led growth in both arrivals and receipts6Europe accounts for half of the worlds international arrivals, followed by Asia and the Pacific with 1 in 4 arrivalsInternational tourism receipts, 2018 (% share)Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). International tourist arrivals, 2018 (% share)Europe represents almost 40% of international tourism receipts, followed by Asia and the Pacific with almost one thirdEurope 51%Middle East 4%Africa 5%Americas 15%Asia and the Pacific 25%ArrivalsEurope 39%Africa 3%Middle East 5%Americas 23%Asia and the Pacific 30%ReceiptsAsia and the Pacific, recorded the highest growth in arrivals, closely followed by AfricaInternational tourism receipts by regions, 2018 (% change)Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). International tourist arrivals by regions, 2018 Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). Bubble size equivalent to number of international tourist arrivals.Asia and the Pacific and Europe enjoyed above-average growth in tourism earnings90080070060050040030020010002 4 6 8 10 (% change)(million)Asia and the PacificEurope World Middle East Africa Americas+7%+5%+4% +4%+2%+0%Europe +5%Americas +2%Middle East +5%Asia and the Pacific +7%Africa +7%(% change)$protocol:/e-unwto/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421152 - Friday, August 30, 2019 5:01:13 AM - IP Address:175.16.58.130 Means and Purpose of TravelTravelling for leisure and by air dominates international tourism7Mode of transport, 2018 (% share)Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). Leisure travel is the main purpose of visit in all world regions except the Middle East, where visiting friends and relatives (VFR), or for health or religious purposes predominates. The share of leisure travel has grown from 50% in 2000 to 56% in 2018. The share of air travel has increased from 46% in 2000 to 58% in 2018, while land transport has decreased from 49% to 39% in the same period.Air 58%Road 37%Train 2%Water 4%Mode of transportLeisure, recreation, holidays 56%VFR, health, religion, other 27%Business and professional 13%Not specified 4%Purpose of visitPurpose of visit, 2018 (% share)Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). $protocol:/e-unwto/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421152 - Friday, August 30, 2019 5:01:13 AM - IP Address:175.16.58.130 563420092008 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018151050-5-10-15 Merchandise exports (% change) International tourism exports (% change, real terms)International tourism exportsTourism grows faster than merchandise trade8Export earnings by product category, 2017 (USD billion)Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and World Trade Organization (WTO).Note: Ranking of export categories for 2018 will be available in late 2019.Tourism is the worlds third largest export category after chemicals and fuels, and ahead of automotive products and food (2017)Chemicals 1,993Fuels 1,960International tourism 1,586Automotive products 1,470Food 1,466Export revenues from international tourism and merchandise exports (% change)Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and World Trade Organization (WTO).For the seventh year in a row, total export revenues from international tourism grew faster than merchandise exportsSource: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and World Trade Organization (WTO).Note: Export revenues from international tourism are composed of “travel” (receipts in destinations) and “passenger transport” receipts, both credit items in the Balance of Payments of countries.USD 1.5trillionreceipts in destinations=USD 1.7 trillionexports from international tourism in 2018+USD 256billionpassenger transport7%of global exports29%of worlds services exportsTourism generates USD 5 billion a day in exports 2018 saw an extra USD 121 billion in export revenues from international tourism (travel and passenger transport) compared to 2017. Export earnings from international tourism are an important source of foreign revenues for many destinations in the world. Tourism is an important component of export diversification both for emerging and advanced economies, with a strong capacity to reduce trade deficits and to compensate for weaker export revenues from other goods and services.$protocol:/e-unwto/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421152 - Friday, August 30, 2019 5:01:13 AM - IP Address:175.16.58.130 Top destinations8 out of the 10 top destinations are featured in both rankings9The top 10 destinations receive 40% of worldwide arrivalsTop ten destinations by international tourist arrivals, 2018Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). The top 10 tourism earners account for almost 50% of total tourism receiptsTop 10 destinations by international tourism receipts, 2018 Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). million Arrivals in top destinations % change89 France 383 Spain 180 United States of America 463 China 462 Italy 746 Turkey 2241 Mexico 539 Germany 438 Thailand 836 United KingdomUSD billion Top tourism earners % change (real terms)214 United States of America 274 Spain 467 France 663 Thailand 552 United Kingdom 249 Italy 745 Australia 1143 Germany 341 Japan 1940 China 21DID YOU KNOW ?The country with the highest receipts per arrival is Luxembourg followed by Australia both earning about USD 4,900 per international arrival-4$protocol:/e-unwto/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421152 - Friday, August 30, 2019 5:01:13 AM - IP Address:175.16.58.130 Europe Southern Mediterranean destinations led growth 2018 was the ninth year in a row of sustained growth in Europe, the worlds most visited region. Southern and Mediterranean Europe led results, with most destinations enjoying double-digit growth. Among the larger destinations, Italy, Greece, Portugal and Croatia saw robust performance. Turkey continued its strong recovery, backed by a favourable exchange rate. After several years of remarkable growth in volume, Spain, the subregions largest destination, showed solid growth in tourism earnings in 2018. Destinations in Central and Eastern Europe grew in line with the regions average. Visa facilitation led to an increase of Chinese tourists in some destinations. The Russian Federation hosted the 2018 FIFA World Cup and recorded double-digit increase in international tourism receipts. Positive performance in Western Europe was led by Belgium, which consolidated its rebound, and the Netherlands. Northern Europe recorded flat growth with mixed performance among destinations. Northern Europe+1% tourist arrivals+1% tourism receiptsSouthern / Mediterranean Europe+8% tourist arrivals+7% tourism receiptsWestern Europe+4% tourist arrivals+3% tourism receiptsCentral Eastern Europe+5% tourist arrivals+9% tourism receiptsInternational tourist arrivals 2018 International tourism receipts 2018 710million+5%51% shareUSD 570billion+5%39% share10$protocol:/e-unwto/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421152 - Friday, August 30, 2019 5:01:13 AM - IP Address:175.16.58.130
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