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1SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITYGLOBAL OUTLOOK 20162Solar Thermal Electricity: Global Outlook 2016This type of solar thermal power has an inexhaustible energy source, proven technology performance, and it is environmentally safe. It can be generated in remote deserts and transported to big populations who already have power supply problems. So what are we waiting for? Image: Crescent Dunes, 10,347 tracking mirrors (heliostats), each 115.7 square meters, focus the suns energy onto the receiver SolarReserve3For more information, please contact:contactestelasolarenquiriesgreenpeaceProject manager & lead authors: Dr. Sven Teske (Greenpeace International), Janis Leung (ESTELA)Co-authors: Dr. Luis Crespo (Protermosolar/ESTELA), Marcel Bial, Elena Dufour (ESTELA), Dr. Christoph Richter (DLR/SolarPACES)Editing: Emily Rochon (Greenpeace International)Design: koma.mkAcknowledgementsThis publication was prepared jointly by the European Solar Thermal Electricity Association (ESTELA), Greenpeace International and SolarPACES. This update was based on the Global Concentrated Solar Power Outlook 2009. ESTELA members provided important contributions, in particular Abengoa Solar, ACS Cobra, CSP Today, DLR, Solar Euromed. Also we would like to give special thanks to all comments and support received from the STE industry and STE national associations, namely ANEST, AUSTELA, CSP Alliance and China National Solar Thermal Energy Alliance, Deutsche CSP, Protermosolar, and SASTELA.Published by Greenpeace InternationalOttho Heldringstraat 5,1066 AZ AmsterdamThe NetherlandsgreenpeaceESTELAEuropean Solar Thermal Electricity AssociationRue de lIndustrie 10, B-1000 Brussels, BelgiumestelasolarSolarPACESSolarPACES SecretariateApartado 39E-04200 Tabernas, SpainsolarpacesContentForeword . 5Executive Summary . 81. Solar Thermal Electricity: The Basics . 17The Concept .18Requirements for STE .19How It Works the STE Technologies.21Dispatchability and Grid Integration .21Other Advantages of Solar Thermal Electricity .232. STE Technologies and Costs . 25Types of Generators .26Parabolic Trough .28Central Receiver .32Linear Fresnel Reflector .34Cost Trends for Solar Thermal Electricity .36Heat Storage Technologies .40Hybridisation Possibilities .413. Other Applications of STE Technologies . 43Process Heat.44Desalination .48Solar Fuels .49Cost Considerations .504. Market Situation by Region . 535. The Global Solar Thermal Electricity Outlook Scenarios . 67The Scenarios .70Energy Efficiency Projections .70Core Results .71Full Results .72Main Assumptions and Parameters .806. Dispatchable STE for Interconnected Power Markets . 83The Interconnection between the Iberian Peninsula and the Rest of Europe .84The Mediterranean Region .857. How to Get There From Here: PolicyRecommendations . 89Obstacles and Barriers .90What policies have been proven to work effectively for boosting STE?.91Financing Needs .93Successful Structures for Off-take .94Successful Financing Instruments .98Recommendations . 100About the authors . 103Appendixes . 104Appex.1: List of current solar thermal power plants in operation and under construction in 2015. 104Appex.2: List of on-going projects related to the interconnection of the Iberian Peninsula to the rest of Europe . 108Appex.3: Summary of Key Parameters in Scenarios .109 Appex.4: List of countries in IEA Regions . 110Appex.5: Abbreviations . 1114Solar Thermal Electricity: Global Outlook 2016With advanced industry development and high levels of energy efficiency, solar thermal electricity could meet up to 6 % of the worlds power needs by 2030 and 12% by 2050.Image: Termosolar Palma del Ro Acciona5This is the 4thjoint report of the European Solar Thermal Electricity Association (ESTELA), Greenpeace International and SolarPACES since 2003. Just before the last edition was published in 2009, the annual market volume for STE hit the one billion US dollar mark. By the end of 2015, the sector concluded nearly a decade of strong growth. Whilst the installed capacity of STE in 2006 was only 0.5 GW, it has increased by a factor of 10 to almost 5 GW today. The STE sector is now on a steady development pathway towards double digit GW capacity within the next 5 years, establishing a solid base for future growth. Especially for the firm supply of dispatchable power, for water purification and desalination purposes and for industrial process heat needs, STE technologies are in high demand and offer specific technical advantages. We are delighted to see STE on a solid growth pathway and poised to establish itself as a third big player in the new “sustainable power generation industry”. With the potential for cost curves to decline significantly, STE has the potential to be economically viable in sunny regions across the world. Although the sector experienced challenges due to political instability in key markets and strong competition with other renewable energy technologies especially photovoltaic the authors of this report are confident that solar thermal electricity is key to achieve a 100% renewables share by 2050 in a wise mix with other renewables. Bearing in mind that fighting climate change is among the most important tasks of mankind today, it is essential that the power generation sector becomes virtually CO2 free by 2050. Greenpeace developed a global energy vision the Energy Revolution scenario which provides a practical blueprint for rapidly cutting energy-related CO2emissions in order to help ensure that greenhouse gas emissions peak and then fall by 2020. This can be achieved whilst ensuring economies in China, India and other developing nations have access to the energy that they need in order to develop and STE plays an important role especially in this context.The Global Solar Thermal Electricity Outlook 2016 goes one step further. Whilst the moderate STE market scenario is in line with the Energy Revolution scenario, the advanced scenario shows that this technology has even more to offer.Globally, the STE industry could employ by 2030 as many as 2.7 million people whose job will be to take up a new role in fighting climate change and deliver up to 12% of the worlds electricity by 2050. This is an inspiring vision not just for our political leaders, in light of the truly historic Paris Agreement agreed by 195 countries at the COP21 climate conference in December 2015, but also millions of citizens around the world: STE technology can indeed contribute to boosting local economies, providing reliable energy supply and most importantly, reducing CO2emissions by a significant amount in order to limit global temperature increase to 1.5oC. The climate clock is ticking and theres no time to waste. To achieve zero emissions by 2050, we must act now and set ambitious goals on RES shares in the energy mix, aiming at legally binding targets to fast-track the switch from fossil fuels to renewable.ForewordDr. Sven Teske Greenpeace International Dr. Luis Crespo President of ESTELADr. Christoph Richter Executive Secretary IEA SolarPACES6Solar Thermal Electricity: Global Outlook 2016Ce document est le 4merapport conjoint ralis par lAssociation Europenne pour la Promotion de lElectricit Solaire Thermique (ESTELA), Greenpeace International et SolarPACES depuis 2003.Peu avant la publication de notre dernier rapport en 2009, le march de lnergie solaire thermique avait atteint 1 milliard de dollars. Le secteur achve presquune dcennie de croissance forte et continue en cette fin 2015. En effet, la capacit des installations dnergie solaire thermique a t multiplie par 10, passant de 0,5 GW presque 5 GW aujourdhui.Le secteur de lnergie solaire thermique est en pleine expansion, et consolide ses bases pour une croissance future. Les technologies de lnergie solaire thermique sont trs demandes et proposent des avantages techniques spcifiques, notamment pour la redistribution de lnergie, la purification et la dsalinisation de leau et les procds industriels gourmands en chaleur.Nous sommes ravis de voir lnergie solaire thermique prendre le chemin dune croissance solide, en route pour devenir le 3me acteur majeur dans le nouveau secteur de la production dnergie durable. Avec des cots en baisse constante, lnergie solaire thermique a le potentiel de devenir conomiquement viable dans toutes les rgions du monde dotes dun bon niveau densoleillement.Malgr les dfis imposs par linstabilit politique dans des marchs clefs ainsi et par une forte concurrence avec dautres secteurs dnergie renouvelable, le photovoltaque en particulier, les auteurs de ce rapport sont certains que lnergie solaire thermique reste essentiel la ralisation de lobjectif de 100% dnergies renouvelables en 2050, grce un savant mlange avec dautres technologies. La lutte contre le changement climatique tant lun des devoirs les plus importants de lhumanit aujourdhui, il est impratif pour le secteur nergtique de saffranchir presquentirement du CO2dici 2050.Greenpeace a dvelopp une vision nergtique globale, le Scnario de la Transition Energtique (Energy Revolution); un guide pratique pour rduire rapidement les missions de CO2lies la production dnergie, afin que les rejets de gaz effet de serre atteignent leur maximum puis retombent avant 2020. Ceci est possible en faisant en sorte que les conomies de pays mergents, tels que la Chine ou lInde, aient accs lnergie dont elles ont besoin pour leurs dveloppements et en donnant un rle important lnergie solaire thermique dans ce contexte.Le rapport sur les Perspectives Globales de lEnergie Solaire Thermique 2016 (The Global Solar Thermal Electricity Outlook 2016) va encore plus loin. Tandis que les scnarios modrs concernant le march de lnergie solaire thermique sont en accord avec celui de la Transition Energtique, les scnarios plus avancs montre que cette technologie peut offrir encore plus.Globalement, lindustrie de lnergie solaire thermique pourrait crer jusqu 2,7 millions demplois dici 2030, prenant ainsi une nouvelle place dans la lutte contre le changement climatique et atteignant une part de 12% dans la production mondiale dlectricit avant 2050.Cette perspective est une source dinspiration non seulement pour nos dirigeants politiques dans la continuit de laccord historique de Paris, entre les 195 pays ayant particip la confrence sur le climat, la COP 21, en dcembre 2015, mais aussi pour des millions de citoyens travers le monde: lnergie solaire thermique peut effectivement donner un coup de pouce aux conomies locales en fournissant une nergie fiable et surtout en rduisant les rejets de CO2de manire significative dans la perspective de limiter le rchauffement global 1,5C. Lhorloge climatique tourne et il ny a pas de temps perdre. Afin de parvenir zro mission en 2050 nous devons agir maintenant et dfinir des cibles ambitieuses concernant la part des ressources renouvelables dans le mix nergtique. Nous avons besoin dobjectifs juridiquement contraignants pour acclrer la transition de lnergie fossile vers lnergie renouvelable.Avant-proposDr. Sven Teske Greenpeace InternationalDr. Luis Crespo Prsident, ESTELADr. Christoph Richter Secrtaire, IEA SolarPACES7 . . “” . “ ” uniFEE0 uniFEDB uniFEE4uniFEC8 )uniFEFCuni0625( uniFEA4 uniFEE4uniFEB8 uni0621uniFEECuniFEDCuniFEE0 uniFEF7 uniFECCuniFEE4uniFEA0 uni0647uniFEBCuniFE97 uniFECA uniFEEB uniFED8 uniFEEB. uni064BuniFECC uni0650 uniFE8BuniFEE4uniFEDC uniFEE4uniFEC8uniFEE7 uniFEE4uniFEB8.uni0643064Auni064A0631.fina uni062F uniFEE0uniFCCC uniFED3uniFEA3 uniFEA4 uniFEE4uniFEB8 uniFEE0 uni0642 uniFEE2uniFEA0uniFEA3 uniFECEuniFEE0 uniFED8 uniFEE6 uniFED8 uniFEA8 uniFD29uniFEE7 uniFEDEuniFEE4uniFEB8 uniFEE0 uniFEE4 uni0629uniFED8 uni0632uniFEA0uniFE97 uni06440645 uni06450627.finauniFED3 .uniFEE6 uniFEE6 uniFED8uniFECB uniFC43uniFEA3 uni062AuniFEE4 uni064A0631.finauniFEDB uni06460645.init uniFEE0uniFEA3 uni0639uniFED8 uniFEE2uniFEA7 uniFEECuniFEE7 uniFECA.uni0637uniFED0uniFE9F uni0665 uniFC43uniFEA3 uniFC43uni0625 uni0645 uniFEDEuniFEBC uni064BuniFEFCuniFE8BuniFEEB uni064BuniFECBuniFE97 uni062AuniFEECuniFEB7 uni060C uni0637uniFED0uniFE9F uniFEA4uniFEE4 uni064B uniFEDEuniFEDCuniFEB8 uni060CuniFEE0uniFED8uniFCCC uniFEE4uniFEA8 uni062A uniFEE6uni062FuniFECB uniFEE6 uni0629 uniFEA4uniFEE7 uni064BuniFED8 uni064Buni06460645.init uniFEA4 uniFEE4uniFEB8 uni0639 uniFEECuniFEB8 uni064BuniFEA3uni060CuniFECBuniFEBC uni062AuniFEE0uniFEE4uniFECC uniFEDEuniFE9F uniFEE6 uni0629
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