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5G Implementation Guidelines: SA Option 2 June 2020 2 About the GSMA The GSMA represents the interests of mobile operators worldwide, uniting nearly 750 operators with almost 30 companies in the broader mobile ecosystem, including handset and device akers, software companies, equipment providers and internet copanies, as well as organisations in adjacent industry sectors. The GSMA also produces industry-leading events such as Mobile World Congres (Barcelona, Shanghai and Los Angeles) and the Mobile 360 Series of conferences. For more information, please visit the GSMA corporate website at . Follow the GSMA on Twiter: GSMA. Future Networks Programe The GSMAs Future Networks is designed to help operators and the wider mobile industry to deliver Al- IP networks so that everyone benefits regardless of where their starting point might be on the journey. The programme has three key work-streams focused on: The development and deployment of IP services, The evolution of the 4G networks in widespread use today, The 5G0 Journey developing the next generation of mobile technologies and service. For more information, please visit the Future Networks website at: Document Editors: Min Wang, China Telecom Dongwok Kim, GSMA 5G Implementation Guidelines Overview Introduction 5G is becoming a reality as early adopters have already commercialized data- oriented 5G networks in 2018 and launched consumer mobile 5G in 2019. Whilst early adopters do not necesarily require guidance, there are stil majority of the operator communities that are yet to launch comercial 5G services. This document intends to provide a checklist for operators that are planning to launch 5G networks in SA (Standalone) Option 2 configuration Scope This document provides technological, spectrum and regulatory considerations in the deployment. This version of the document currently provides detailed guidelines for implementation of 5G using Option 2, reflecting the initial launch strategy being adopted by multiple operators. There is an implementation guideline for NSA Option 3 already available. However, as described in “GSMA Operator Requirements for 5G Core Connectivity Options” there is a ned for the industry ecosystem to support all of the 5G core connectivity options (namely Option 4, Option 5 and Option 7). As a result, further guidelines for all 5G deployment options wil be provided in the future. Note: The topics listed in this document is not exhaustive and is open to suggestion/contribution by any company. Please contact Acknowledgements Special thanks to the following GSMA Checklist for Standalone Option 2 5G Deployment taskforce members for their contribution and review of this document: Bel Mobility Inc China Mobile Limited China Telecommunications Corporation China Unicom DATANG Mobile Comunications Equipment Co. LTD Ericsson Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. Hutchison 3G UK Limited Jibe Mobile, Inc KDDI Corp. LG Uplus MediaTek Inc. Nokia NTT DOCOMO Orange Qualcomm Radiomvil Dipsa, S.A. de C.V. SK Telecom Co. Ltd Syniverse Technologies, Inc. Telia Finland Oyj T-Mobile Austria GmbH United States Celular Corporation Verizon Wireles Xiaomi Inc. ZTE Corporation 4 Abbreviations Term Description 5G Fifth Generation 5GC 5G Core 5GS 5G System 5G-SRVC 5G Single Radio Voice Cal Continuity AAU Active Antena Unit AF Application Function AI Artificial Intelligence AM Acces Management AMF Acces and Mobility Management Function APN Acces Point Name AR Augmented Reality AUSF Authentication Server Function BBU Baseband Unit BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying BSF Binding Suport Function BWP Bandwidth Parts CA Carier Agregation CAPEX Capital Expenditure CBRS Citizens Broadband Radio Service CN Core Network CP-OFDM Cyclic-Prefix Orthogonal Frequency Division Modulation CS Circuit Switch CSMF Comunication Service Management Function cTE constant Time Eror CU Central Unit CUPS Control and User Plane Separation DC Data Centre DFT-s-OFDM Discrete Fourier Transform Spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Modulation DL Downlink DN Data Network DNN Data Network Name DSS Dynamic Spectrum Sharing DU Distributed Unit E2E End-to-End Term Description eCPRI Enhanced Common Public Radio Interface eMB Enhanced Mobile Broadband eNB eNodeB EPC Evolved Packet Core EPS Evolved Packet System EU European Union E-UTRAN Evolved Universal Terestrial Radio Aces Network FCC Federal Communications Comision FDD Frequency Division Duplexing FlexE Flexible Ethernet gNB gNodeB GNSS Global Navigation Satelite System GST Generic network Slice Template HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request HD High Definition HPLMN Home PLMN HR Home Routed HSS Home Subscriber Server IMS IP Multimedia Subsystems IoT Internet of Things IP Internet Protocol IPX IP Exchange IRAT Inter-RAT ISC IMS Security Control IWK Interworking LADN Local Area Data Network LAN Local Area Network LBO Local Breakout LDPC Low Density Parity Check LTE Long Term Evolution MAC Medium Aces Control Masive MIMO Masive Multiple Input Multiple Output MEAO MEC Aplication Orchestrator MEC Multi-access Edge Computing MEP MEC Platform MEPM MEC Platform Management 5G Implementation Guidelines Term Description MIMO Multiple-Input Multiple-Output ML Machine Learning MME Mobile Mobility Entity mMTC Mobile Machine Type Comunications MO SMS Mobile-Originated Short Mesage Service MSISDN Mobile Station International Subscriber Directory Number MT Mobile Terminate MTC Machine Type Comunication MU-MIMO Multi-User Multiple- Input Multiple-Output NAS Non-Acces-Stratum NE Network Element NEF Network Exposure Function NEST NEwork Slice Types NF Network Function NFV Network Function Virtualization NG-RAN Next Generation Radio Access Network NR New Radio NRF Network Repository Function NSA Non-Standalone NSI Network Slice Instance NSMF Network Slice Management Function NSSF Network Slice Selection Function NSSMF Network Slice Subnet Management Function O Concepts, use cases and requirements. Ref Title 23 3GP TS 28.533, Management and orchestration; Architecture framework 24 ETSI GS MEC 03, Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC); Framework and Reference Architecture 8 Contents Overview . 3 Introduction . 3 Scope . 3 Acknowledgements . 3 References . 7 Contents . 8 1. Commercialisation of 5G . 10 1.1 Enhanced mobile broadband . 10 1.2 Internet of things . 10 1.3 Ultra-reliable and low latency . 10 1.4 Verticals . 11 2. Prerequisite for initial 5G SA Option 2 launch . 13 2.1 Introduction . 13 2.2 5G architecture for SA Option 2 . 13 Figure 1: Figure 1 5G architecture for SA Option 2 . 13 2.2.1 5G NG-RAN (Next Generation Radio Acces Network) with NR only . 13 2.2.2 5G Core Network . 14 2.3 Spectrum . 14 2.4 5G Key technologies and features . 17 2.4.1 Overview of New Radio . 17 2.4.1.1 Flexible frame structure . 17 2.4.1.2 Hierarchical system bandwidth . 18 2.4.1.3 New channel coding . 18 2.4.1.4 Mobility and state transition . 18 2.4.2 Massive MIO . 19 2.4.2.1 Outdoor Deployment Scenario . 19 2.4.2.2 Indoor Scenario . 19 2.4.3 Uplink Enhancement for NR . 19 2.4. Network Slicing . 20 2.4.5 Support for Edge Computing in 5GS . 21 2.4.6 Multi-Acces Edge Computing . 23 2.5 Deployment Guideline . 24 2.5.1 SA Option 2 Network Deployment Strategy in initial stage . 24 2.5.1.1 Considerations for Edge Computing Deployment . 25 2.5.1.2 Striking the balance between deployment cost and new use cases . 25 2.5.2 SA Option 2 Network Evolution . 26 2.5.3 SA Option 2 Comunication Model Selection . 26 2.6 4G/5G interworking . 27 2.6.1 Impact Analysis on 4G RAN . 27 2.6.2 Impact Analysis on Evolved Packet Core (EPC) . 28 2.6.3 Requirement Analysis on NR . 28 2.6.4 Requirement Analysis on 5GC . 29 2.6.5 4G/5G Interworking Strategy . 30 2.7 Transmision / backhaul . 30 2.7.1 High capacity . 31 2.7.2 High reliability and low latency . 31 2.7.3 Intelligent Operation and Maintenance . 31 2.7.4 High Precision Time Synchronization . 31 2.8 Cloud-based SA Option 2 Network . 32 2.9 Devices . 33 2.10 Testing . 34 2.1 Features . 35 2.12 Roaming . 37 2.12.1 Security . 37 2.13 Services . 38 2.13.1 Voice and Video services over IMS 38 2.13.1.1 Impact on the existing IMS . 39 2.13.1.2 Domain Selection . 39 2.13.1.3 Emergency Call . 40 2.13.2 SMSoIP and SMSoNAS . 40 2.13.3 Roaming with IMS services in 5GS 40 2.14 Migration from NSA Option 3 to SA Option 2 . 40 2.15 AI powered SA Option 2 . 41 2.15.1 AI for 5G Operation and Maintenance eficiency . 41 2.15.2 AI for Energy Eficiency . 42 2.15.3 AI for Resource Utilisation . 42 2.15.4 AI for 5G innovative services and solutions . 42 Annex A Document Information . 43 5G Implementation Guidelines 1 Commercialisation of 5G 10 1. Commercialisation of 5G 1.1 Enhanced mobile broadband Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMB) refers to the extension of the data demand that is addressed by traditional mobile broadband with target performance indicators: 1020Gbps peak data rate, 50100Mbps user experienced data rate and 4ms one-way latency in user plane 1. Compared with Non-Standalone (NSA) Option 3, 5G Standalone (SA) Option 2 network demonstrates advantages in uplink (UL), End-to-End (E2E) latency, edge computing, etc., and therefore provides much user experience: 4K live broadcasting services produce and deliver contents in real time, requiring higher uplink data rate. Possibility to provide strong uplink capability with 5G SA Option 2 benefits such services. In January 2019, China Central Television completed 4K live broadcasting and 360 virtual reality live with 250Mbps uplink data rate in 5G SA Option 2 network2 Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications based on cloud rendering wil be a trend, since it helps mobile users enjoy VR/AR services with lower device cost. VR/AR service experience can be greatly optimized by reducing latency through local rendering over edge computing platform in 5G SA Option 2 network Online gaming services, especialy real-time interactive games, are quite sensitive to network latency. 5G SA Option 2 network with edge computing can shorten response latency and provide better user experiences 1.2 Internet of things 5G addresses masive machine type communications (mMTC) use cases, such as smart metering, characterized by low power consumption and vast number of connections. It is expected that 5G is capable of 1 million conections per square kilometer 1. 1.3 Ultra-reliable and low latency Ultra-reliable low latency comunications (URLC) refers to high reliability, high availability and low latency connection. According to ITU M.2410-0 1, the minimum requirement for one-way latency in user plane is 1ms, while control plane latency is 20ms and the inimum requirement for the reliability is 99.999%. Multi-robot cordination, as a typical scenario of URLLC, plays a key role in improving production efficiency. KUKA, a Germany robot company, has verified that two 5G robot arms can drum together in synchronized patterns with 1ms latency and 99.999% reliability 3. URLLC empowers more applications for enterprise customers with short latency capability, leading to ore opportunities for operators. Customers wil benefit from these services in terms of improving efficiency and reducing operating cost. Meanwhile, operators wil obtain extra revenue by offering services with diferentiated latency. 5G Implementation Guidelines 1.4 Verticals Vertical industries are very diverse, and their requirements are determined by the service features of the related vertical market segment. 5G can provide optimal solutions catering to various requirements and business needs of each vertical in an economical way. It also opens new opportunities for operators to extend their businesses and create new revenue streams beyond connectivity. As for operators, there are a number of industries with particular busines oportunities around 5G SA Option 2, including media CU/DU split; deployment of CU, UPF and Edge Cloud, etc. At initial stage, CU/DU co-located deployment is more suitable, which can reduce E2E latency, CAPEX, time to market, complexity on network planning and operation. CU/DU split deployment is possible another option to support smal pack service of mMTC. 2.9 Devices The device deployment needs to follow the related Network deployment option. For network deployment suporting SA Option 2, 5GC suports new Non-Acces Stratum (NAS) protocol and procedure. Therefore, devices need to support the 5G NAS protocol, 5G authentication and 5G security procedure. SA Option 2 network deployment can provide some specific features, i.e., network slicing, edge computing and diferent session continuity mode. In order to support these new features, network can provide UE policy information to the devices, devices can establish PDU session based on the received UE policy information. In SA Option 2 network deployment, devices receive the allowed S-NSSAI information from 5GC for different Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN)s and request PDU sessions with specific S-NSSAI for diferent network slicing. Devices can select the apropriated S-NSSAI based on the received UE policy information or local configuration. 34 In SA Option 2 network deployment, devices can also provide diferent session continuity mode for diferent PDU sesions, i.e. SSC mode 1, SC mode 2 and SC mode3. If SA Option 2 network supports mobility interaction to 4G system, devices need to support the related inter-RAT mobility echanism. In order to suport voice service, devices ned to suport Voice over 5GS (Vo5GS) and EPS fallback according to NG.14 19. Devices launched prior to publication of NG.14 may not folow NG.14 requirements strictly. SA Option 2 network supports RRC_INACTIVE state, devices need to support the RNA update procedure during the RRC_INACTIVE state, devices can initiate the resume procedure to transit from RRC_INACTIVE state to RRC_CONECTED state. In adition, its recomended for a device to suport Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) antenna switching for its better performance. Diferent from NSA Option 3 devices, which can maintain simultaneous connectivity to the eNB and the en-gNB, the SA Option 2 device only connects with gNB. For interworking with LTE, SA Option 2 device needs to support both NR and LTE measurement, and handover and redirection between NR and LTE according to NG.14. Devices launched prior to publication of NG.14 may not folow NG.14 requirements strictly. In terms of uplink performance, 1 Transmiter (Tx) for LTE and 1 Tx for NR are used for NSA Option 3 device to transmit data. While for SA Option 2 device, 2 Tx can connect with 5G gNB for data transmision. 2.10 Testing For deploying a SA Option 2 network, items in 0 need to be tested to ensure reliable and functional 5G network. Content Item Function Mobility Management NR Intra-frequency Cel Reselection/Handover To test NR Intra-frequency Cel Reselection/Handover NR Inter-frequency Redirection/Cel Reselection/Handover To test NR Redirection/Inter-frequency Cel Reselection/Handover NR-LTE PS Redirection/Cell Reselection/Handover To test NR-LTE PS Re
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