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U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICSPage 1Consumer Expenditures in 2017This Consumer Expenditure Surveys (CE) annual report presents integrated data from the 2017 Diary and Interview portions of the CE, including data tables. (For details about the CE, see the technical notes.) The tables show average expenditures, income, and characteristics for consumer units (CUs) classified by income before taxes by quintile, decile, and range; age of the reference person; size of the consumer unit; composition of the consumer unit; number of earners; housing tenure (homeowner or renter) and type of area (urban or rural); region of residence; occupation; highest education level of any consumer unit member; race; Hispanic or Latino origin; and generation of reference person.1 This report highlights spending patterns for 2017 from the CE, including a brief discussion of expenditure changes for the year.As first reported in the Consumer Expenditures 2017 News Release, consumer spending increased 4.8 percent. This follows an increase of 2.4 percent in 2016, previously recorded by the CE. The average annual expenditures by CUs increased from $57,311 in 2016 to $60,060 in 2017. Despite the 2017 increase in expenditures, there was a decrease of 1.5 percent in average income before taxes, from 2016 ($74,664) to 2017 ($73,573). Prices, as measured by the average annual change in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U, U.S. city average, all items, base period 19821984=100), rose by 2.1 percent in 2017, compared with the 4.8-percent increase in spending.2 In 2016, prices as measured by the CPI-U increased by 1.3 percent, compared with the 2.4-percent increase in spending.Developments in 2017During 2017, spending increased for 10 of the 14 major aggregated categories of expenditures tracked by CE: food, alcoholic beverages, housing, apparel and services, transportation, healthcare, entertainment, personal care products and services, education, and miscellaneous expenditures. (See table A.) Expenditures on apparel and services increased by 1.7 percent. Food, alcoholic beverages, housing, transportation, healthcare, personal care products and services, education, and entertainment expenditures were up between 5.3 and 15.3 percent. Personal insurance and pensions, tobacco and smoking supplies, reading, and cash contributions declined by 0.9 to 10.0 percent.April 2019 | Report 1080Item 2014 2015 2016 2017 Percent change201415 201516 201617Number of consumer units (in thousands) 127,006 128,437 129,549 130,001 Consumer unit characteristicsIncome before taxes $66,877 $69,627 $74,664 $73,573 4.1 7.2 -1.5Age of reference person 50.3 50.5 50.9 50.9 Average number in consumer unitTable A. Average annual expenditures by major category of all consumer units and percent changes, 201417See footnotes at end of table.U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICSPage 2Item 2014 2015 2016 2017 Percent change201415 201516 201617People 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Children under 18 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Adults 65 and older 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Earners 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 Vehicles 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 Percent homeowner 63 62 62 63 Average annual expenditures $53,495 $55,978 $57,311 $60,060 4.6 2.4 4.8Food 6,759 7,023 7,203 7,729 3.9 2.6 7.3Food at home 3,971 4,015 4,049 4,363 1.1 0.8 7.8Cereals and bakery products 519 518 524 564 -0.2 1.2 7.6Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs 892 896 890 944 0.4 -0.7 6.1Dairy products 423 413 410 450 -2.4 -0.7 9.8Fruits and vegetables 756 769 783 837 1.7 1.8 6.9Other food at home 1,382 1,419 1,442 1,568 2.7 1.6 8.7Food away from home 2,787 3,008 3,154 3,365 7.9 4.9 6.7Alcoholic beverages 463 515 484 558 11.2 -6.0 15.3Housing 17,798 18,409 18,886 19,884 3.4 2.6 5.3Shelter 10,491 10,742 11,128 11,895 2.4 3.6 6.9Owned dwellings 6,149 6,210 6,295 6,947 1.0 1.4 10.4Rented dwellings 3,631 3,802 4,035 4,167 4.7 6.1 3.3Other lodging 710 730 798 782 2.8 9.3 -2.0Utilities, fuels, and public services 3,921 3,885 3,884 3,836 -0.9 0.0 -1.2Household operations 1,174 1,309 1,384 1,412 11.5 5.7 2.0Housekeeping supplies 632 655 660 755 3.6 0.8 14.4Household furnishings and equipment 1,581 1,818 1,829 1,987 15.0 0.6 8.6Apparel and services 1,786 1,846 1,803 1,833 3.4 -2.3 1.7Transportation 9,073 9,503 9,049 9,576 4.7 -4.8 5.8Vehicle purchases (net outlay) 3,301 3,997 3,634 4,054 21.1 -9.1 11.6Gasoline, other fuels, and motor oil 2,468 2,090 1,909 1,968 -15.3 -8.7 3.1Other vehicle expenses 2,723 2,756 2,884 2,842 1.2 4.6 -1.5Public and other transportation 581 661 623 712 13.8 -5.7 14.3Table A. Average annual expenditures by major category of all consumer units and percent changes, 201417See footnotes at end of table.U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICSPage 3Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Survey.Expenditure sharesTable B details expenditure shares, or the percent distribution of total annual expenditures by major expenditure categories, for all CUs from 2014 to 2017. Expenditure shares usually do not fluctuate much in the short term, and therefore are more useful for identifying spending trends over time. (See chart 1.) As in previous years, housing was the largest component of overall expenditures, accounting for 33.1 percent of total expenditures in 2017. Housing expenditures were followed by transportation expenditures (15.9 percent) and food expenditures (12.9 percent).Item 2014 2015 2016 2017 Percent change201415 201516 201617Healthcare 4,290 4,342 4,612 4,928 1.2 6.2 6.9Entertainment 2,728 2,842 2,913 3,203 4.2 2.5 10.0Personal care products and services 645 683 707 762 5.9 3.5 7.8Reading 103 114 118 110 10.7 3.5 -6.8Education 1,236 1,315 1,329 1,491 6.4 1.1 12.2Tobacco products and smoking supplies 319 349 337 332 9.4 -3.4 -1.5Miscellaneous 782 871 959 1,010 11.4 10.1 5.3Cash contributions 1,788 1,819 2,081 1,873 1.7 14.4 -10.0Personal insurance and pensions 5,726 6,349 6,831 6,771 10.9 7.6 -0.9Life and other personal insurance 327 333 322 418 1.8 -3.3 29.8Pensions and Social Security 5,399 6,016 6,509 6,353 11.4 8.2 -2.4Table A. Average annual expenditures by major category of all consumer units and percent changes, 201417U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICSPage 4The most notable changes in expenditure shares between 2016 and 2017 were in personal insurance and pensions, and the transportation subcategories of vehicle purchases and public and other transportation. Personal insurance and pensions fell from 11.9 percent to 11.3 percent of average annual expenditures. The share for total transportation increased a tenth of a percent to 15.9 percent. Within that category, vehicle purchases increased from 6.3 percent in 2016 to 6.7 percent in 2017, compared with 6.2 percent in 2014 to 7.1 percent in 2015. Gasoline and motor oil expenditure shares stayed constant, at 3.3 percent from 2016 to 2017, and public and other transportation increased 14.3 percent. (See table A.) Expenditure shares on gasoline and motor oil in 2014 and 2015 were 4.6 and 3.7 percent, respectively.Food expenditures were up 0.3 percentage points to 12.9 percent of average annual expenditures, as the shares for food at home and food away from home both increased. Cash contribution shares reversed their 2016 gains and fell from 3.6 to 3.1 percent in 2017. The remaining expenditures for major categories remained about the same as their 2016 levels.U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICSPage 5Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Survey.Spending Category 2014 2015 2016 2017Average annual expenditures 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0Food 12.6 12.5 12.6 12.9Food at home 7.4 7.2 7.1 7.3Food away from home 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.6Alcoholic beverages 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9Housing 33.3 32.9 33.0 33.1Shelter 19.6 19.2 19.4 19.8Utilities, fuels, and public services 7.3 6.9 6.8 6.4Household operations 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4Housekeeping supplies 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3Household furnishings and equipment 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.3Apparel and services 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.1Transportation 17.0 17.0 15.8 15.9Vehicle purchases (net outlay) 6.2 7.1 6.3 6.7Gasoline, other fuels, and motor oil 4.6 3.7 3.3 3.3Other vehicle expenses 5.1 4.9 5.0 4.7Public and other transportation 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2Healthcare 8.0 7.8 8.0 8.2Entertainment 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.3Personal care products and services 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3Reading 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2Education 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.5Tobacco products and smoking supplies 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6Miscellaneous 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7Cash contributions 3.3 3.2 3.6 3.1Personal insurance and pensions 10.7 11.3 11.9 11.3Life and other personal insurance 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7Pensions and Social Security 10.1 10.7 11.4 10.6Table B. Percent distribution of total annual expenditures by major category for all consumer units, 201417U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICSPage 6Expenditures on housingHousing expenditures were up 5.3 percent for 2017. This was primarily driven by expenses on shelter, up 6.9 percent, and owned dwellings, up 10.4 percent. (See table A.) Nevertheless, housing expenditures remained steady at 33.1 percent of total spending. Between 2014 and 2017, expenditures on housing were between 32.9 and 33.3 percent of total expenditures.In addition, the period of 200416 saw an overall trend of fewer CUs owning homes. Ownership rates declined from a peak of 68 percent of households in 2004 to 62 percent of households in 2016. (See chart 2.) However, in 2017, homeownership rates ticked up for the first time since 2003, but were still five percentage points below the peak.Expenditures on gasolineAverage expenditures on gasoline increased in 2017. CUs spent 2.8 percent more in 2017 than in 2016. Chart 3shows the percent change in expenditures on gasoline and the price of gasoline between 2007 and 2017. For most years, the change in consumer spending on gasoline is similar to the change in gasoline prices. In 2017, the percentage increase in spending on gasoline was smaller (2.8 percent) than the increase in the CPI index for gasoline (13.1 percent). The increase in gasoline expenditures and the increase in the CPI index for gasoline reversed from 4 straight years of declines from 2013 through 2016.U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICSPage 7Expenditures by income quintileSpending increased across all five income quintiles in 2017. This continued the trend from 2014 through 2016, which also saw increases in all five income quintiles for all 3 previous years. (See chart 4.) The first quintile increased spending by 3.5 percent, the smallest increase in percentage terms. The second quintile increased spending by 6.9 percent, and the other three quintiles increased spending between 4.2 and 5.9 percent. In addition, all quintiles registered larger spending increases, in percentage terms, than in 2016. Table C shows more details on spending by income quintile.U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICSPage 8All income quintiles spent more on food at home, food away from home, housing, healthcare, and entertainment in 2017 than those in 2016. (See table C.) Among these categories, the largest increases were spending on food away from home and healthcare, with increases averaging 8.9 and 8.6 percent respectively among the quintiles. Expenditures for apparel and services, transportation, cash contributions, personal insurance and pensions, and all other expenditures registered mixed results within quintiles. Cash contributions, which can vary widely, declined in three quintiles; personal insurance and pensions declined in two quintiles; apparel and services and all other expenditures declined in one quintile.Item Lowest Second Third Fourth HighestDollar Percent Dollar Percent Dollar Percent Dollar Percent Dollar PercentIncome before taxes 5.00 0.0 845.00 2.9 1,868.00 3.7 2,190.00 2.6 -10,571 -5.3Average annual expenditures 880.56 3.5 2,529.93 6.9 2,805.72 5.9 2,693.65 4.1 4,766.14 4.2Food 208.75 5.4 692.93 13.9 836.59 13.4 320.98 3.8 565.73 4.5Food at home 80.42 3.2 510.11 16.4 340.79 9.2 155.37 3.3 483.34 7.8Food away from home 128.33 9.4 182.83 9.8 495.81 19.6 165.61 4.5 82.38 1.3Table C. Dollar change and percent change in average annual expenditures on major categories by income quintile, 201617See footnotes at end of table.U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICSPage 9Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Survey.Expenditures on food by income quintile and generationFood expenditures increased for all quintiles in 2017. This is similar to 2015 and 2016, when expenditures increased for 4 of 5 quintiles. In 2017, the second and third quintiles registered the largest percentage increases in food expenditures, 13.9 and 13.4 percent increases respectively. (See table C.) The increases were more modest for the first, fourth, and fifth quintiles, ranging between 3.8 and 5.4 percent. Besides increases across the board in both food-at-home and food-away-from-home expenditures, no clear pattern emerged for the quintiles. Foodat-home spending ranged between a 3.2-percent increase for the first quintile, to a 16.4-percent increase for the second quintile. Food-away-from-home spending ranged between a 1.3-percent increase for the fifth quintile, to a 19.6-percent increase for the third quintile.There is a noticeable difference by generation in food spending. Aside from those born in 1927 or earlier, the proportion of food expenditures on food at home increased for older generations. The youngest generation observed in 2017, those born in 1981 or later, spent 53 percent of food expenditures on food at home. This rises to 61 percent for those born between 1928 and 1945. (See chart 5.)Item Lowest Second Third Fourth HighestDollar Percent Dollar Percent Dollar Percent Dollar Percent Dollar PercentHousing 145.91 1.4 543.56 4.0 1,146.41 7.0 1,557.03 7.5 1,580.84 4.7Apparel and services 17.30 2.0 88.44 7.6 -171.31 -11.3 92.91 4.7 121.95 3.5Transportation -270.17 -7.2 579.46 9.7 68.41 0.8 168.10 1.5 2,076.22 12.9Healthcare 336.07 15.6 361.10 10.2 375.76 8.8 322.67 5.9 180.28 2.3Entertainment 123.96 10.8 89.47 5.0 172.51 7.4 60.64 1.8 1,001.00 17.0Cash contributions 91.86 16.5 -238.7 -16.7 183.97 14.1 -17.83 -0.9 -1,062.99 -20.3Personal insurance and pensions 9.94 1.5 655.05 37.1 108.89 2.6 -46.89 -0.6 -1,049.53 -5.4All other 216.94 11.6 -241.38 -9.4 84.49 2.8 236.04 6.1 1,352.64 16.2Table C. Dollar change and percent change in average annual expenditures on major categories by income quintile, 201617U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICSPage 10Notes1 A consumer unit consists of either: (1) all members of a particular household who are related by blood, marriage, adoption, or other legal arrangements; (2) a person living alone or sharing a household with others or living as a roomer in a private home or lodging house or in permanent living quarters in a hotel or motel, but who is financially independent; or (3) two or more persons living together who use their income to make joint expenditure decisions.2 Data output for “all items in U.S. city average, all urban consumers, not seasonally adjusted” from the Consumer Price Index All Urban Consumers (U
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