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Global Trends FORCED DISPLACEMENT IN 20172017 in Review Trends at a Glance 25.4 million refugees 40.0 million internally displaced people 1 19.9 million refugees under Un HCr s mandate 5.4 million Palestine refugees under Unr Was mandate 3.1 million asylum-seekers as a result of persecution, conflict, or generalized violence 68.5 MiLLiOn For CIbl Y d IsPla Ced World WIde 16.2 Million newly displaced An estimated 16.2 million people were newly displaced in 2017. This included 11.8 million individuals displaced 2within the borders of their own countries and 4.4 million newly displaced refugees and new asylum-seekers. 85% Developing regions hosted 85 per cent of the worlds refugees under UNHCRs mandate, about 16.9 million people. The least developed countries provided asylum to a growing proportion, amounting to one-third of the global total (6.7 million refugees). 1 in 6 Lebanon continued to host the largest number of refugees relative to its national population, where 1 in 6 people was a refugee under the responsibility of UNHCR. Jordan (1 in 14) and Turkey (1 in 23) ranked second and third, respectively. When Palestine refugees under UNRWAs mandate are included, the figures rise to 1 in 4 for Lebanon and 1 in 3 for Jordan. new displaceM ents everY da Y The number of new displacements was equivalent to an average of 44,400 people being forced to flee their homes every day in 2017. 3.1 Million asyl UM-seeKeRs By the end of 2017, about 3.1 million people were awaiting a decision on their application for asylum, about half in developing regions. Globally, the forcibly displaced population increased in 2017 by 2.9 million. By the end of the year, 68.5 million individuals were forcibly displaced worldwide as a result of persecution, conflict, or generalized violence. As a result, the worlds forcibly displaced population remained yet again at a record high. 1 Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre of the Norwegian Refugee Council. 2 Ibid. 3 The number of new individual asylum applications for Turkey does not include Syrian nationals who receive protection under the Temporary Protection Regulation. 44,400 2 unhcr Global trends 2017102,800 Ref Ugees fo R ResettleM ent in 2017, Un HCR submitted 75,200 refugees to States for resettlement, a 54 per cent drop from 2016 due to the decline in resettlement quotas. According to government statistics, 102,800 refugees were admitted for resettlement during the year, with or without Un HCRs assistance. 173,800 Unacco Mpanied and sepa Rated c hild Ren This conservative estimate takes into account new applications, asylum- seekers and refugees. it includes 45,500 unaccompanied and separated children who sought asylum on an individual basis in 2017 as reported by 67 countries and 138,700 unaccompanied and separated child refugees and asylum-seekers as reported by 63 Un HCR operations, with reductions to avoid possible double-counting. 52% c hild Ren Children below 18 years of age constituted about half of the refugee population in 2017, up from 41 per cent in 2009 but similar to more recent years. dem. r ep. of the Congo The IDP population in the Dem. Rep. of the Congo doubled in 2017 to 4.4 million. Also, 620,800 Congolese refugees in other countries and 537,100 refugees from other countries in Dem. Rep. of the Congo. 5 Million displaced people Ret URned During 2017, nearly 5 million displaced people returned to their areas or countries of origin, comprising 4.2 million internally displaced people and 667,400 refugees. Returns have not kept pace with the rate of new displacements. 68% Altogether, more than two-thirds (68 per cent) of all refugees worldwide came from just five countries: 1.7 Million new claiM s Asylum-seekers submitted 1.7 million new asylum claims. w ith 331,700 such claims, the United States of America was the worlds largest recipient of new individual applications, followed by Germany (198,300), italy (126,500), and Turkey (126,100). 3 3.5 Million people For the fourth consecutive year, Turkey hosted the largest number of refugees worldwide, with 3.5 million people. The main countries of asylum for refugees were: Syrian Arab Republic 6.3 million Afghanistan 2.6 million South Sudan 2.4 million Myanmar 1.2 million Somalia 986,400 Turkey 3.5 million Pakistan 1.4 million Uganda 1.4 million Lebanon 998,900 Islamic Rep. of Iran 979,400 Germany 970,400 Bangladesh 932,200 Sudan 906,600 655,500 refugees displaced to Bangladesh in 2017, mostly in 100 days since end of August. Myanmar 3 unhcr Global trends 2017c hapte R 1 Introduction Multiple ongoing displacement crises and several new ones characterized 2017. As a result, the global population of forcibly displaced people increased to 68.5 million, compared with 65.6 million in 2016. Significant new displacement, affecting millions of people, was seen in particular from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Myanmar as well as continuing displacement due to the Syrian crisis. The past decade has seen substantial growth in the global population of forcibly displaced people. In 2007, this population numbered 42.7 million; over the last 10 years, this figure has increased by over 50 per cent f igure 1 . 4Today 1 out of every 110 people in the world is displaced, compared with 1 in 157 a decade ago, with much of this increase having occurred over the last five years. 5While the Syrian conflict contributed significantly to this increase, there have been other major displacements throughout the world over the last five years, notably in and from Burundi, Central African Republic, the DRC, Iraq, Myanmar, South Sudan, Sudan, Ukraine, and Yemen. 4 These included 25.4 million refugees: 19.9 million under UNHCRs mandate and 5.4 million Palestinian refugees registered with the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA). The global figure also included 40.0 million internally displaced persons (source: IDMC) and 3.1 million individuals whose asylum applications had not yet been adjudicated by the end of the reporting period.5 The annual rate of change of the population of forcibly displaced in the first five years of the last decade was -0.09 per cent, while for the last five years it was 9.5 per cent per year on average. “We are at a watershed, where success in managing forced displacement globally requires a new and far more comprehensive approach so that countries and communities arent left dealing with this alone.” Filippo Grandi United n ations High Commissioner for r efugees 4 unhcr Global trends 2017banG lades H. An eight-year-old Rohingya refugee girl stands beneath a UNHCR solar lantern outside her shelter at Kutupalong camp in Bangladesh. “I feel happy to have light; it helps me to study,“ she says. Newly arrived families receive solar lanterns as part of their emergency relief package. UnHCR/AnDR ew MCCOnne LL 5 unhcr Global trends 2017The levels of new displacements in 2017 continued to far outstrip any returns or other solutions. During the year, 16.2 million people were newly displaced, including 4.4 million who sought protection abroad 6and 11.8 million who were forced to flee but remained in their own countries. 7in 2017 an average of some 44,400 people were newly displaced every day f igure 2 , a higher rate than seen even in 2014. At the same time, many others returned to their countries or areas of origin to try to rebuild their lives, including 4.2 million internally displaced people (iDPs) and at least 667,400 refugees. As in previous years, the Syrian Arab Republic (Syria) continued to account for the largest forcibly displaced population globally. As of the end of 2017, there were 12.6 million forcibly displaced Syrians, comprising around 6.3 million refugees, 146,700 asylum-seekers, and 6.2 million iDPs. Colombia had the second-largest displaced population with 7.9 million victims of conflict, the majority of whom were iDPs (7.7 million). 8The DRC was the third-largest displacement situation with 5.1 million Congolese forcibly displaced, comprising 4.4 million iDPs, 620,800 refugees and 136,400 asylum-seekers. Some 4.8 million Afghans remained forcibly displaced, of whom 1.8 million were iDPs and 3.0 million were refugees or asylum- seekers. Other large displaced populations at the end of 2017 included people from South Sudan (4.4 million), iraq (3.3 million), Somalia (3.2 million), Sudan (2.7 million), Yemen (2.1 million), n igeria (2.0 million), and Ukraine (2.0 million). The situations in the DRC and Myanmar deteriorated rapidly in the second half of 2017, affecting millions of people. The flight of refugees from Myanmar to Bangladesh occurred at a particularly rapid rate. Over 2017, 655,500 arrived in Bangladesh, mainly concentrated in 100 days from the end of August, 9making the humanitarian response very challenging. in addition, there was a large proportion of infants, children, and pregnant women among refugees and iDPs from the DRC and Myanmar, adding a further layer of complexity for interventions. chapteR 1 6 Consisting of 1.7 million new individual claims for asylum and 2.7 million new refugees recognized on a prima facie or group basis. 7 Based on a global estimate from IDMC. 8 The large number of registered IDPs in Colombia comes from the total cumulative figure recorded in the Governments Victims Registry, which commenced in 1985. 9 See: unhcr/news/stories/2017/12/5a1c313a4/100- days-horror-hope-timeline-rohingya-crisis.html. 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 d isplaced population (millions) Proportion displaced (number displaced per 1,000 world population) internally displaced persons Un Rwa refugees UnhcR refugees a sylum-seekers proportion displaced f igure 1 | Trend of global displacement and proportion displaced | 2007-2017 6 unhcr Global trends 2017Other developing situations in 2017 included the increase in refugees and asylum-seekers from the n orth of Central America (n CA). More people undertook the perilous journey northwards to seek asylum in Mexico and the United States of America, even as venezuelans continued to flow out to neighbouring countries, those in the region, and farther away. The impact of the movement of refugees to europe in 2015 and 2016 was seen in the growing refugee population as the backlog of asylum applications was gradually processed during 2017. in particular, the refugee population in Germany increased by 45 per cent, with substantive decisions made on over half a million cases. Movements of people across the Mediterranean decreased compared with 2016. n umbers significantly declined for the eastern Mediterranean crossing beginning in April 2016 and for the Central Mediterranean since July 2017. n onetheless, many people continued to risk their lives traversing this sea, with the majority arriving in italy, where some 126,500 new asylum-seekers submitted applications in 2017. Despite these movements, the vast majority of displaced people remained close to home, with only a small proportion venturing further afield to seek protection in more-remote countries. Over four out of every five refugees were located in a neighbouring country to the one from which they fled. w ithout the protection of family or kin, unaccompanied and separated children are particularly at risk of exploitation and abuse. During the year, 45,500 such children were reported as having applied for asylum, although this number is considered to be an underestimate. 10For the first time, Un HCR has reported unaccompanied and separated children among the registered refugee and asylum-seeker population. w hile this number is reported from only a limited number of operations where Un HCR conducts registration and maintains its own database, it is hoped that this will lead to an improvement in the reporting on children as part of the joint call to action by Un HCR and other key partners for improved data on displaced children. 11 chapteR 1 10 The estimate does not include data from all countries, including three important asylum countries: the Russian Federation, South Africa, and the United States of America. It does not reflect total numbers of both asylum-seeking and refugee unaccompanied and separated children. 11 For more information, see data.unicef/wp-content/ uploads/2018/02/Migration_advocacy_Feb20.pdf. 50,000 45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 f igure 2 | n umber of people newly displaced per day | 2003-2017 7 unhcr Global trends 2017in terms of returns, some 667,400 refugees returned to their countries of origin in 2017 compared with 552,000 in 2016. Still, these returns continued to represent only a small fraction of the refugee population (3 per cent). The majority of refugees returned to n igeria, the Central African Republic, Syria, and Afghanistan. Around 4.2 million iDPs returned, accounting for 11 per cent of the overall iDP population. Un HCR has voiced concern about the voluntariness of some of these returns as well as the conditions into which displaced people are returning. 12in some cases, refugees and iDPs are returning under adverse circumstances in which conditions for safe and sustainable returns are not yet in place. Resettlement, meanwhile, provided a solution for 102,800 refugees. This Global Trends report analyses statistical trends and changes of global displacement from January chapteR 1 12 For more information, see unhcr/news/ briefing/2017/3/58d0ece64/unhcr-concerned-return-nigerian- refugees-cameroon.html; refugeesmigrants.un/un- agency-alarmed-forced-refugee-returns-nigeria-cameroon. 13 See p. 61 for a definition of each population group. 14 See: popstats.unhcr. 8 unhcr Global trends 2017chapteR 1 sYrI a. Abu Ahmad Al Shawa, in his fifties, has returned home to east Aleppo. He has re-opened his family restaurant, which has been in operation for more than 50 years, despite the building being heavily damaged. UnHCR/vivi An TOUMeH to December 2017 in populations for whom Un HCR has been entrusted with a responsibility by the international community, including refugees, asylum-seekers, returnees, stateless people, and conflict-affected iDPs. 13The data presented are based on information available as of 15 May 2018 unless otherwise indicated. The figures in this report are based on data reported by governments, non-governmental organizations, and Un HCR. The numbers are rounded to the closest hundred or thousand. As some adjustments may appear later in the year in the Population Stat
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