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Manual on the High-quality Global Data Management Framework for Climate 2019 edition WMO-No. 1238 WEATHER CLIMATE WATERManual on the High-quality Global Data Management Framework for Climate WMO-No. 1238 2019 editionEDITORIAL NOTE The following typographical practice has been followed: Standard practices and procedures have been printed in bold. Recommended practices and procedures have been printed in regular font. Notes have been printed in smaller type. METEOTERM, the WMO terminology database, may be consulted at public.wmo.int/en/ resources/meteoterm. WMO-No. 1238 World Meteorological Organization, 2019 The right of publication in print, electronic and any other form and in any language is reserved by WMO. Short extracts from WMO publications may be reproduced without authorization, provided that the complete source is clearly indicated. Editorial correspondence and requests to publish, reproduce or translate this publication in part or in whole should be addressed to: Chair, Publications Board World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 7 bis, avenue de la Paix Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 84 03 P.O. Box 2300 Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 81 17 CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland Email: publicationswmo.int ISBN 978-92-63-11238-5 NOTE The designations employed in WMO publications and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WMO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WMO in preference to others of a similar nature which are not mentioned or advertised.PUBLICATION REVISION TRACK RECORD Date Part/ chapter/ section Purpose of amendment Proposed by Approved byINTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii GENERAL PROVISIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii PREAMBLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii PRINCIPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv ENABLING MECHANISMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii 1 . MANAGING DATA FROM VARIOUS SOURCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1.1 Generic climate requirements for observations and data management . 25 1.2 Conventional in situ sources of climate data . 26 1.3 Automatic weather station data . 27 1.4 Remote sensing data . 27 1.5 Space weather data . 28 1.6 Aircraft data . 28 1.7 Ocean and marine data . 29 1.8 Atmospheric composition data . 30 1.9 Hydrology data . 30 1.10 Climate model data . 30 1.11 Externally sourced data (also, non-NMHS or “third-party” data) . 31 1.12 Socioeconomic data . 31 2 . DATA MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.1 General requirement . 33 2.2 Discoverability and accessibility . 33 2.3 Usability . 33 2.4 Quality management . 33 2.5 Stewardship . 34 2.6 Data management governance . 36 2.7 Climate data management competencies . 37 2.8 Ongoing skill development . 37 2.9 Planning and design . 38 3 . CLIMATE DATASET MATURITY ASSESSMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 3.1 Purpose . 39 3.2 Use of the WMO Stewardship Maturity Matrix for Climate Data . 39 3.3 WMO Catalogue for Climate Data . 39 Page CONTENTSINTRODUCTION The High-quality Global Data Management Framework for Climate (HQ-GDMFC) is a WMO collaborative initiative that enables the effective development and exchange of high-quality climate data, based on a reliable, integrated, underpinning data infrastructure at the global, regional and national levels. The Framework establishes standards and recommended practices for sourcing, securing, managing, assessing, and cataloguing climate data, and for sharing infrastructure and responsibilities for, for example, data exchange, analysis and data service provision. In this way HQ-GDMFC provides a robust data foundation for the generation of climate products and the delivery of climate services through the Climate Services Information System (CSIS) of the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS). An important outcome of HQ-GDMFC is the present Manual, which forms part of the WMO Technical Regulations. This is the first time that the climate community has defined such regulatory requirements through WMO specifically for the management of climate data. Collaboration within the Framework expands to several application areas such as marine and hydrological science, disciplines for which many of the data-related activities should also be regarded as falling under the definition of climate data to address their needs and requirements as generators of climate data, as well as for sharing related data for supporting national and international climate activities. The HQ-GDMFC data scope encompasses all of the Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) under the WMO auspices, as described in Resolution 60 (Cg-17) WMO policy for the international exchange of climate data and products to support the implementation of the Global Framework for Climate Services. This includes observational data as well as data derived from climate analysis, reanalysis, prediction and projection. The procedures provided are also applicable to externally sourced data and data on socioeconomic impacts outside WMO auspices. The Framework leverages relevant WMO systems such as the WMO Information System (WIS) for data exchange and data service sharing, the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) for observational standards and practices, and the Global Data-processing and Forecasting System (GDPFS) for model data used in operational activities such as weather and climate analysis and forecasting. The framework of collaboration includes primarily the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) data management units, Regional Climate Centres, international data centres, climate research bodies, certain government agencies, academia and any other institution dealing with climate data archival, management, analysis and exchange. The present Manual provides guidance and requirements on the development, provision, exchange and maintenance of high-quality climate datasets. The standards and recommended practices it describes are intended to ensure that the data made available for climate assessment, monitoring, applications and related services meet sustainably a minimum set of requirements with regard to quality, governance, accessibility and usability.GENERAL PROVISIONS 1. The Technical Regulations (WMO-No. 49) of the World Meteorological Organization are presented in three volumes: Volume I General meteorological standards and recommended practices Volume II Meteorological service for international air navigation Volume III Hydrology Purpose of the Technical Regulations 2. The Technical Regulations are determined by the World Meteorological Congress in accordance with Article 8 (d) of the Convention. 3. These Regulations are designed: (a) To facilitate cooperation in meteorology and hydrology among Members; (b) To meet, in the most effective manner, specific needs in the various fields of application of meteorology and operational hydrology in the international sphere; (c) To ensure adequate uniformity and standardization in the practices and procedures employed in achieving (a) and (b) above. Types of Regulations 4. The Technical Regulations comprise standard practices and procedures, recommended practices and procedures, and references to constants, definitions, formulas and specifications. 5. The characteristics of these three types of Regulations are as follows: The standard practices and procedures: (a) Shall be the practices and procedures that Members are required to follow or implement; (b) Shall have the status of requirements in a technical resolution in respect of which Article 9 (b) of the Convention is applicable; (c) Shall invariably be distinguished by the use of the term shall in the English text, and by suitable equivalent terms in the Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish texts. The recommended practices and procedures: (a) Shall be the practices and procedures with which Members are urged to comply; (b) Shall have the status of recommendations to Members, to which Article 9 (b) of the Convention shall not be applied; (c) Shall be distinguished by the use of the term should in the English text (except where otherwise provided by decision of Congress) and by suitable equivalent terms in the Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish texts. References to constants, definitions, formulas and specifications: Members should use the definitions, formulas, values of constants and specifications indicated in the relevant Guides published by the Organization.GENERAL PROVISIONS 6. In accordance with the above definitions, Members shall do their utmost to implement the standard practices and procedures. In accordance with Article 9 (b) of the Convention and in conformity with Regulation 101 of the General Regulations, Members shall formally notify the Secretary-General, in writing, of their intention to apply the standard practices and procedures of the Technical Regulations, except those for which they have lodged a specific deviation. Members shall also inform the Secretary-General, at least three months in advance, of any change in the degree of their implementation of a standard practice or procedure as previously notified and the effective date of the change. 7. Members are urged to comply with recommended practices and procedures, but it is not necessary to notify the Secretary-General of non-observance except with regard to practices and procedures contained in Volume II. 8. In order to clarify the status of the various Regulations, the standard practices and procedures are distinguished from the recommended practices and procedures by a difference in typographical practice, as indicated in the editorial note. Status of annexes and appendices 9. The following annexes to the Technical Regulations (Volumes I to III), also called Manuals, are published separately and contain regulatory material. They are established by decision of Congress and are intended to facilitate the application of Technical Regulations to specific fields. Manuals may contain both standard and recommended practices and procedures: I International Cloud Atlas (WMO-No. 407) Manual on the Observation of Clouds and Other Meteors, sections 1, 2.1.1, 2.1.4, 2.1.5, 2.2.2, 1 to 4 in 2.3.1 to 2.3.10 (for example, 2.3.1.1, 2.3.1.2, etc.), 2.8.2, 2.8.3, 2.8.5, 3.1 and the definitions (in grey-shaded boxes) of 3.2; II Manual on Codes (WMO-No. 306), Volume I; III Manual on the Global Telecommunication System (WMO-No. 386); IV Manual on the Global Dataprocessing and Forecasting System (WMO-No. 485); VI Manual on Marine Meteorological Services (WMO-No. 558), Volume I; VII Manual on the WMO Information System (WMO-No. 1060); VIII Manual on the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WMO-No. 1160); IX Manual on the High quality Global Data Management Framework for Climate (WMO-No. 1238). 10. Texts called appendices, appearing in the Technical Regulations or in an annex to the Technical Regulations, have the same status as the Regulations to which they refer. Status of notes and attachments 11. Certain notes (preceded by the indication “Note”) are included in the Technical Regulations for explanatory purposes; they may, for instance, refer to relevant WMO Guides and publications. These notes do not have the status of Technical Regulations. 12. The Technical Regulations may also include attachments, which usually contain detailed guidelines related to standard and recommended practices and procedures. Attachments, however, do not have regulatory status. Updating of the Technical Regulations and their annexes (Manuals) 13. The Technical Regulations are updated, as necessary, in the light of developments in meteorology and hydrology and related techniques, and in the application of meteorology and operational hydrology. Certain principles previously agreed upon by Congress and applied in the selection of material for inclusion in the Technical Regulations are reproduced below. These principles provide guidance for constituent bodies, in particular technical commissions, when dealing with matters pertaining to the Technical Regulations: ix(a) Technical commissions should not recommend that a Regulation be a standard practice unless it is supported by a strong majority; (b) Technical Regulations should contain appropriate instructions to Members regarding implementation of the provision in question; (c) No major changes should be made to the Technical Regulations without consulting the appropriate technical commissions; (d) Any amendments to the Technical Regulations submitted by Members or by constituent bodies should be communicated to all Members at least three months before they are submitted to Congress. 14. Amendments to the Technical Regulations as a rule are ap
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