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Open and interoperable smart cities: Closing the gap A snapshot of IoT and smart city interoperability challenges, strategies and successes White paper In association with Introduction As urbanisation intensifies, cities are looking to solve a complex and evolving long-tail of challenges with technology, from cutting traffic congestion and ensuring citizen safety to reducing energy consumption and environmental footprint. In this context, the Internet of Things (IoT) has demonstrated its capacity to help cities benefit from using data from connected infrastructure such as streetlights, smart energy and water meters, environmental sensors and traffic systems. The potential is almost limitless but in practice deployment is still slow, costly and complex. Eighty-two per cent of smart city pilots fail due to a lack of maturity and smart city projects using proprietary technology cost 30 per cent more than those using open technology. The latter occurs because proprietary technology from one vendor is unable to be used with those from another. In some cases, cities even prefer to avoid investing in connected infrastructure altogether, fearing poor return on investment due to being locked into proprietary systems or having to pay for expensive integration. The fast adoption of the internet demonstrates how openness and interoperability was essential to its fast success. You can change your current cellphone or computer for any other brand without worrying about being able to connect to and communicate through the same cellular or Wi-Fi network. It is now time to make it happen in the Internet of Things as well, to unlock its limitless potential within smart cities. This report, based on a survey of 75 city representatives, looks at cities strategies for moving beyond these challenges to the next level. Understanding the landscape is a key part to unpicking the lock. We will therefore look into the challenges to getting there such as a lack of openness and interoperability at the connected device level, walled garden approaches from vendors and obstacles related to procurement culture from vendors. We also outline how leading cities and vendors are pioneering new approaches to make cities truly open and interoperable. Understanding and acting on the key messages of this paper could unlock unfathomable growth and potential for smart cities. And this matters: 75 per cent of survey respondents agreed that openness and interoperability are core to ultimately delivering better lives for citizens. Argentina AustraliaBrazil Ethiopia Germany IndiaIran Malaysia Mexico New Zealand Portugal South Africa Spain Turkey UAE UK United States 75 responses across 17 global countries 2 Internet of Things: Key elements of smart city deployment Despite cities need to take on complex and multi-faced challenges, only 16 per cent of those surveyed have mature projects up and running, and half (49 per cent) say they are at the stage of scaling up or rolling out pilots. However, the majority (55 per cent see figure 2) have a smart city roadmap in place to guide their progress over the coming decade and beyond. Figure 1 3 Do you have a roadmap? YES NO 31% POSThyphen.casePILOT: The strategy is not quite clear yet 28% STRATEGY STAGE: We know where we want to go but we have only worked on a few pilot sites 21% PILOT STAGE: We have learned from pilot projects and now were starting to deploy large projects 16% FULL DEPLOYMENT: Smart city projects are up and running 4% Smart city initiatives are not a priority for us Smart city snapshot: Are we there yet? How mature is your smart city strategy? Figure 2 How far out does the roadmap go? 1-5 YEARS 47% 5-10 YEARS 38% 1 YEAR 4% 10-15 YEARS 4% 15-20 YEARS 4% 20 YEARS+ 2% 55% 45% Most cities have already deployed some types of connected infrastructure (see figure 3), to tackle very specific and pragmatic challenges. Smart street lighting, remote meter reading (water and energy) and security are the applications most commonly prioritised, and these are already delivering benefits. This trend looks set to continue as many of the investments which cities are looking to make in the next two years (see figure 4) relate to IoT services. Many of these systems, such as street lighting, smart water meters, traffic systems, etc. are designed to have a long lifespan but new innovative technologies are emerging and advancing quickly. Ideally, cities should invest with confidence that any systems will address their challenges today but remain open to being replaced, updated and/or combined with other solutions in the future. This isnt always possible today. Which of the following have you deployed? Full deployment Pilots are complete and being scaled up Pilots are ongoing Plans to deploy Not deployed Public Wi-Fi network Streetlight control and monitoring Energy metering Water metering Safety and video surveillance Digitised city administration system Water quality monitoring Smart traffic systems Air quality monitoring Water pipeline monitoring City-owned Internet of Things (IoT) network (e.g. LoRaWAN) Building energy efficiency Waste containers filling level monitoring Outdoor noise monitoring Other (please specify) Waste containers with pay-as-you- throw (access control) 0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 22% 22% 20% 8% 20% 20% 20% 16% 20% 16% 19% 16% 18% 23% 10% 19% 14% 16% 19% 14% 18% 20% 23% 15% 15% 16% 26% 16% 14% 22% 15% 7% 19% 13% 21% 11% 23% 16% 20% 23% 8% 16% 31% 20% 16% 7% 7% 18% 14% 26% 5% 15% 14% 27% 32% 5% 23% 28% 23% 15% 4% 14% 16% 21% 36% 3% 9% 20% 19% 36% 3% 10% 10% 3% 31% 11% 7% 3% 8% 64% Full deployment Pilots are complete and being scaled up Pilots are ongoing Plans to deploy Not deployed Public Wi-Fi network Streetlight control and monitoring Energy metering Water metering Safety and video surveillance Digitised city administration system Water quality monitoring Smart traffic systems Air quality monitoring Water pipeline monitoring City-owned Internet of Things (IoT) network (e.g. LoRaWAN) Building energy efficiency Waste containers filling level monitoring Outdoor noise monitoring Other (please specify) Waste containers with pay-as-you- throw (access control) 0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 22% 22% 20% 8% 20% 20% 20% 16% 20% 16% 19% 16% 18% 23% 10% 19% 14% 16% 19% 14% 18% 20% 23% 15% 15% 16% 26% 16% 14% 22% 15% 7% 19% 13% 21% 11% 23% 16% 20% 23% 8% 16% 31% 20% 16% 7% 7% 18% 14% 26% 5% 15% 14% 27% 32% 5% 23% 28% 23% 15% 4% 14% 16% 21% 36% 3% 9% 20% 19% 36% 3% 10% 10% 3% 31% 11% 7% 3% 8% 64% Full deployment Pilots are complete and being scaled up Pilots are ongoing Plans to deploy Not deployed Public Wi-Fi network Streetlight control and monitoring Energy metering Water metering Safety and video surveillance Digitised city administration system Water quality monitoring Smart traffic systems Air quality monitoring Water pipeline monitoring City-owned Internet of Things (IoT) network (e.g. LoRaWAN) Building energy efficiency Waste containers filling level monitoring Outdoor noise monitoring Other (please specify) Waste containers with pay-as-you- throw (access control) 0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 22% 22% 20% 8% 20% 20% 20% 16% 20% 16% 19% 16% 18% 23% 10% 19% 14% 16% 19% 14% 18% 20% 23% 15% 15% 16% 26% 16% 14% 22% 15% 7% 19% 13% 21% 11% 23% 16% 8% 20% 23% 8% 16% 31% 20% 16% 7% 7% 18% 14% 26% 5% 15% 14% 27% 32% 5% 23% 28% 23% 15% 4% 14% 16% 21% 36% 3% 9% 20% 19% 36% 3% 10% 10% 3% 31% 11% 7% 3% 8% 64% Figure 3 Full deployment Pilots are complete and being scaled up Pilots are ongoing Plans to deploy Not deployed Public Wi-Fi network Streetlight control and monitoring Energy Water metering Safety and video surveillance Digitised city administration system Water quality monitoring Smart traffic systems Air quality Water pipeline monitoring City-owned Internet of Things (IoT) network (e.g. LoRaWAN) Building energy efficiency Waste containers filling level monitoring Outdoor noise monitoring Other (please specify) Waste containers with pay-as-you- throw (access control) 0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 22% 22% 20% 8% 20% 20% 20% 16% 20% 16% 16% 18% 23% 10% 19% 14% 16% 19% 14% 18% 20% 23% 15% 15% 16% 26% 16% 14% 22% 15% 7% 19% 13% 21% 11% 23% 16% 23% 8% 16% 31% 20% 16% 7% 7% 18% 14% 26% 15% 14% 27% 32% 5% 23% 28% 23% 15% 4% 14% 16% 21% 9% 20% 19% 36% 3% 10% 10% 3% 31% 11% 7% 3% 8% 64% 4 Full deployment Pilots are complete and being scaled up Pilots are ongoing Plans to deploy Not deployed Public Wi-Fi network Streetlight control and monitoring Energy metering Water metering Safety and video surveillance Digitised city administration system Water quality monitoring Smart traffic systems Air quality monitoring Water pipeline monitoring City-owned Internet of Things (IoT) network (e.g. LoRaWAN) Building energy efficiency Waste containers filling level monitoring Outdoor noise monitoring Other (please specify) Waste containers with pay-as-you- throw (access control) 0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 22% 22% 20% 8% 20% 20% 20% 16% 20% 16% 19% 16% 18% 23% 10% 19% 14% 16% 19% 14% 18% 20% 23% 15% 15% 16% 26% 16% 14% 22% 15% 7% 19% 13% 21% 11% 23% 16% 20% 23% 8% 16% 31% 20% 16% 7% 7% 18% 14% 26% 5% 15% 14% 27% 32% 5% 23% 28% 23% 15% 4% 14% 16% 21% 36% 3% 9% 20% 19% 36% 3% 10% 10% 3% 31% 11% 7% 3% 8% 64% 60% Smart traffic systems 49% Streetlight control and monitoring 49% Building energy efficiency 41% City-owned Internet of Things (IoT) network/LPWAN 38% Energy metering 38% Safety and video surveillance 38% Air quality monitoring 27% Waste containers filling level monitoring 24% Water metering 21% Outdoor noise monitoring 13% Water pipeline monitoring 13% Water quality monitoring 10% Waste containers with pay-as-you-throw (access control) Which do you plan to deploy over the next 12-24 months? Figure 4 5 6 Case study: Gijn opens up innovation Case study The Spanish city of Gijns vision for a “connected city” is based on using data from connected infrastructure, fed back to a cloud-based open data platform, to deliver insights which drive improvements in quality of life for citizens. These benefits include lower pollution and emissions as well as greater energy- efficiency and economic growth. As the basis of the Gijn-IN (Innovative, Intelligent and Integrated City) smart city programme, so far 1,200 cityowned streetlights have been connected over a network using the 6LoWPAN open protocol. By the end of the year, a further 3,600 will be connected. Through funding from the European Energy Efficiency Fund (FEEE), Gijn is on track to expand this connected digital infrastructure throughout the municipality. Further, public infrastructure is being made available as a living lab for the development and testing of innovative new devices and services in a real-world environment to boost innovation in the city. While lighting is seen as the first module for these initiatives, there are also plans to add connected infrastructure such as smart parking and traffic management solutions, as well as waste monitoring assets. Jose Antonio Rodrguez Corts, IoT project manager, Gijn City Council, says it is essential the industry works together on a unified data model to ensure this data can be used to the greatest effect. The city is working as part of the uCIFI Alliance to make this a reality. “The benefit of a data model for us will be the ability to launch new services quickly and create new application functionalities without expensive API integration or the need to move data from third-party platforms,” he commented. He added: “Its important to enable us to scale and keep pace with new ideas and requirements for visitor services. Its fundamental to help us realise the new concept of the model of Gijn.” Smart city visions evolve: The open imperative During interviews, cities noted that many of the solutions currently on offer on the market give them little or no control over the data generated by sensors, meaning they are unable to pull raw data from the sensor and, more importantly, understand the data, without going through the vendors platform. They end up having to spend significant money and effort on integrating APIs and proprietary data formats to do so. Sometimes this cost is prohibitive. Others fear being (or already are) locked into a specific solution provider, leaving them at the vendors mercy when it comes to pricing, capability roadmaps and more, therefore stifling innovation. To deliver on their ambitions and bring smart city visions to life, cities see the benefits of open, interoperable technology. In our survey, seven in ten noted their importance to retaining the citys flexibility to adapt over time and prepare for the unknown. A majority of respondents also said that a key benefit of open, interoperable systems is that they support better outcomes for citizens. Other benefits include saving time and money, and avoiding vendor lock-in. 7 Our survey respondents also noted that they either foresee interoperability issues or have already experienced them with IoT deployments, including traffic systems, smart streetlighting, video systems, building energy efficiency and more. (see figure 6). Although cities say they are starting to see a shift from the private sector, many described a landscape whereby vendors are still in the land grab, monopolistic phase. This reflects a gold rush mentality at this juncture in smart city roll-outs but is also driven by traditional business models, where suppliers generate recurring revenue based on use of the analytics platform. Further, there is concern in some areas that standardisation would give suppliers less opportunity for differentiation, aside from node pricing. Some vendors are now starting to position themselves as the platform on which others innovate, and see that interoperability can ultimately open a much bigger market for all. New as-a-service models are also emerging where the solution provider retains ownership of the lighting equipment, for example, and the customer leases it, thereby delivering service revenue, but cities say its still early days and theyd like to see more flexibility from the vendor community. 8 What are the benefits of choosing interoperable systems? 75% Create better outcomes for citizens 70% Retain the citys flexibility to adapt over time and prepare for the unknown 58% Get a more holistic picture of the city 47% Save money on the short-, mid- and/or long-term 34% Avoid vendor lock-in 25% Save time Figure 5 Ultimately, amid dozens of wireless communication networks and hundreds of proprietary software interfaces, there is currently no common way to describe and communicate IoT devices data values (such as temperature, dimming levels, active control programme, presence detection, filling levels and noise levels). Each solution provider has its own proprietary way to describe device data, therefore preventing solutions being fully interoperable at the device and network level. What are the smart city applications where you have faced o
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