资源描述
ChairmanHeizo TakenakaProfessor, Toyo UniversityProfessor Emeritus, Keio UniversityChairman, Institute for Urban Strategies, The Mori Memorial Foundation f8 G $/ X G * $G R N tZ t t Hiroo IchikawaProfessor Emeritus, Meiji UniversityExecutive Director, The Mori Memorial Foundation $ G * $G R gPrincipal AdvisorSir Peter Hall 1932-2014 Professor, University College London7 1932-2014 $Allen J. ScottDistinguished Research Professor, University of California, Los AngelesJ G Z $Andrs Rodrguez-PoseProfessor, London School of Economics $Heng Chye KiangLum Chang Chair Professor, National University of Singapore&= q G $Principal : Hiroo IchikawaMember : Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc.Institute for Urban Strategies,The Mori Memorial Foundation* : $ : q Z t R O G R N tZ tSaskia SassenRobert S. Lynd Professor,Columbia University G $Peter NijkampResearch Coordinator,Jheronimus Academy of Data Science Professor, University of Iasi 研究 大学 教授Richard BenderProfessor and Dean Emeritus, University of California, Berkeley G * $ Michael Batty CBEProfessor, University College London $What is the GPCI?Hw N qxExecutive CommitteeqPeer Reviewers Working CommitteeqWhat is the GPCI?pK GPCIp x z H w A N w &AzZ Cz=vz E w 6 p $ t A z q ZoMy 2008 T C oMxzN Z t b H $ V p Klh 7qo Vzw tSZM $s H tlo Rqw .wzqU . $s sloMw Ra S|ALw % p QtmMoxz H At AU !ZoM y GPCIxz N X w!=t 0 bhz ) BMOw $st RoSz GPCI- 2018p x z V M w 7=z Jwwth ht Ch wALtCQoza 11 ww uUzt Xw tlo N Sf t wq t qoq8 4hMresults, two third-party peer reviewers validate the contents and provide suggestions for improvement.The GPCIs indicators and data collection methods are routinely reviewed and improved in order to reflect the changing circumstances surrounding global cities. In GPCI-2018, indicators were added that cover changes in new working styles, the rise of startups, and global environmental issues. It is hoped that in addition to this years results, the past 11 years of data will also continue to be of use to various individuals for planning urban policy and corporate strategy. H w N GlobalPower City Index, GPCIx z M$s N tSMoz VmZl z x zf w N U b $ s t l o ZqMOQt,nV RhwGiven the global competition between cities, the Global Power City Index (GPCI) evaluates and ranks the major cities of the world according to their “magnetism,” or their comprehensive power to attract people, capital, and enterprises from around the world. It does so through measuring 6 functionsEconomy, Research and Development, Cultural Interaction, Livability, Environment, and Accessibilityproviding a multidimensional ranking.Originally formulated with input from the late Sir Peter Hall, an authority in the urban research field, and published every year since 2008, this ranking is created through the direction of the Executive Committee, comprised of various experts in different fields, while the Working Committee oversees concrete data analysis. In order to ensure the impartiality of the ranking process and 1Methodologyw RMOMarket Size市場規模Market Attractiveness市場魅力Economic Vitality経済集積Human Capital人的集積Business Environment環境GDP1人GDPGDP成長率経済自由度証券取引所株式時価総額世界500企業従業者数人材多賃金水準高優秀人材確保容易性充実度法人税率低政治経済商機12345678910111213Nominal GDPGDP per CapitaGDP Growth RateEconomic FreedomMarket Capitalization of Stock ExchangesWorlds Top 500 CompaniesTotal EmploymentEmployees in Business Support ServicesWage LevelAvailability of Skilled Human ResourcesVariety of Workplace OptionsCorporate Tax RatePolitical, Economic and Business Risk経済EconomyEase of Doing Business容易性Trendsetting Potential交流文化発信力Cultural Resources文化資源Facilities for Visitors集客施設Attractiveness to Visitors受入環境International Interaction外国人受入実績国際件数世界的文化件数輸出額創作環境世界遺産近接性歴史伝統接触機会劇場数美術館博物館数数客室数総数買物魅力食事魅力外国人居住者数外国人訪問者数留学生数Number of International ConferencesNumber of World-Class Cultural EventsCultural Content Export ValueEnvironment of Creative ActivitiesProximity to World Heritage SitesCultural Interaction OpportunitiesNumber of Theaters and Concert HallsNumber of MuseumsNumber of StadiumsNumber of Luxury Hotel Guest RoomsNumber of HotelsAttractiveness of Shopping OptionsAttractiveness of Dining OptionsNumber of Foreign ResidentsNumber of Foreign VisitorsNumber of International Students文化交流CulturalInteraction22232425262728293031323334353637Academic Resources研究集積Research Background研究環境Innovation研究開発R&D研究者数世界大学数学科学関学力研究者受入態勢研究開発費特許登録件数主要科学技術賞受賞者数環境1415161718192021Number of ResearchersWorlds Top UniversitiesAcademic Performance in Maths and ScienceReadiness for Accepting ResearchersResearch and Development ExpenditureNumber of PatentsWinners of Prizes in Science and TechnologyStartup EnvironmentFunctions分野Indicator Groups指標No.番号Indicator指標Methodology2T he GPCI evaluates its target cities in 6 urban functions and each of these functions comprises multiple indicator groups, which in turn consist of several indicators. A total of 70 indicators are used in the GPCI. The average indicator scores of the indicator groups are combined to create the function-specific rankings, and then the comprehensive ranking is created from the total scores of the function-specific rankings. The highest possible total score equals 2,600 points.G PCIpxz 6 fgtSMo AsA b 26 ztf Rb 70 h=hw w q z t f o Rh xf-o 2,600 : :p RhWorking Environment就業環境Cost of Living居住Security and Safety安全安心Well-Being生活良好性Ease of Living生活利便性環境EnvironmentEcologyAir Quality大気質Natural Environment自然環境交通AccessibilityInternational Transportation Network国際交通Transportation Infrastructure交通Inner-City Transportation Services都市内交通Traffic Convenience交通利便性居住Livability完全失業率低総労働時間短従業員生活満足度住宅賃料水準低物価水準低殺人件数少自然災害経済的少平均寿命社会自由度平等水準医師数ICT環境充実度小売店舗充実度飲食店充実度環境取組再生可能比率率CO2排出量少SPM濃度低SO2NO2濃度低水質良好性都心部緑被状況気温快適性Commitment to Climate ActionRenewable Energy RateWaste Recycle RateCO2EmissionsSPM DensitySO2and NO2DensityWater QualityGreen CoverageComfort Level of TemperatureCities with Direct International FlightsInternational Freight FlowsNumber of Air PassengersNumber of RunwaysRailway Station DensityPublic Transportation Coverage and PunctualityTravel Time to International AirportsCommuting ConvenienceTraffic CongestionTaxi FareTotal Unemployment RateTotal Working HoursEmployee Life SatisfactionHousing RentPrice LevelNumber of MurdersEconomic Risk of Natural DisasterLife ExpectancySocial Freedom and EqualityRisk to Mental HealthNumber of Medical DoctorsICT ReadinessVariety of Retail ShopsVariety of Restaurants383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667686970国際線直行便就航都市数国際貨物流通規模国内国際線旅客数滑走路本数鉄道駅密度公共交通充実正確国際空港時間短通勤通学利便性渋滞少運賃安Functions分野Indicator Groups指標No.番号Indicator指標Methodology320 Boston 39 Mexico City 13 San Francisco9 Hong Kong19 Chicago 14 Toronto43 Mumbai 29 Dubai 35 Taipei 23 Beijing 26 Shanghai 36 Bangkok 32 Kuala Lumpur 5 Singapore4 Paris6 Amsterdam10 Sydney33 Moscow 22 Madrid31 Milan 16 Zurich 15 Frankfurt17 Vienna30 Geneva 25 Brussels 18 Copenhagen 40 Sao Paulo 38 Buenos Aires44 Cairo 37 Fukuoka 28 Osaka 21 Vancouver 34 Istanbul 24 Barcelona11 Stockholm 12 Los Angeles 27 Washington, DC 41 Jakarta42 Johannesburg8 Berlin7 Seoul 5xb 7zzzf z z p K xz NU&Aq w At N yz N Xw NU q hMzzS| w 2N x zf g U q o M h w A UUlhqt G t qXqz S|tSMo qXqh NU XhT he top 5 cities of London, New York, Tokyo, Paris, and Singapore remain unchanged from last year. This year, North American cities return higher scores due to strong results in Economy and Environment, while many European cities also realize gains and increase their ranks. On the other hand, the Chinese cities Beijing and Shanghai fall significantly in the ranking as the functions in which they previously held strengths return weaker results. This fall in ranking is also seen with several cities from South America and Africa.Executive Summaryx 7 p 1 EUm dd NMXqbqsXt yz oM tpK=v pxz16 13w p 5 qslh pKlh E P + jw A + jw pw t E 17T 11hhzp t wM NqsloM1 LondonLondon is for the 7th consecutive year evaluated as the most comprehensively powerful city at #1. With its score increasing even after the Brexit referendum, the city marches forward alone at the top of the ranking. London also manages to enter the top 5 in 13 out of 16 indicators in its key strength Cultural Interaction, further cementing its status as a city with extremely high comprehensive power. The city sees its scores for weaker indicators Housing Rent and Price Level rise, carrying it from #17 to #11 in Livability.Executive SummaryALA420 Boston 39 Mexico City 13 San Francisco9 Hong Kong19 Chicago 14 Toronto43 Mumbai 29 Dubai 35 Taipei 23 Beijing 26 Shanghai 36 Bangkok 32 Kuala Lumpur 5 Singapore4 Paris6 Amsterdam10 Sydney33 Moscow 22 Madrid31 Milan 16 Zurich 15 Frankfurt17 Vienna30 Geneva 25 Brussels 18 Copenhagen 40 Sao Paulo 38 Buenos Aires44 Cairo 37 Fukuoka 28 Osaka 21 Vancouver 34 Istanbul 24 Barcelona11 Stockholm 12 Los Angeles 27 Washington, DC 41 Jakarta42 Johannesburg8 Berlin7 SeoulExecutive Summaryf x 2 Nrw |xsTlhUz 3w2 w ypw U Az E p 10 q s l h GDP R p U U l hqsrtz& A p 3t oMMpzw w AU 0 $t Xz x12T 29 X q O 10 oM sM U yz wM NtsiO3 TokyoDespite not experiencing a rise in score as high as the top 2 cities, Tokyo still manages to maintain its seat at #3. In Livability, the city enters the top 10 as it sees improvement in the indicator Total Working Hours. Although Tokyo reaches #3 in the Economy function due to better scores in indicators such as GDP Growth Rate, it receives relatively low scores for Commitment to Climate Action, dropping from #12 to #29 in Environment. Should Tokyo enhance its results in Environment, which is the only function where it ranks outside of the top 10, the city would likely become more balanced in comprehensive power.x F S p w A U z R ww |_dhO kpw tSZ AU hKz&A x 1oM tZ Cp 1 z = v p 2z p 3q A oMUz 25wz28w EU GVs qsloM2 New YorkNew York shows its highest increase in score since the ranking began as it benefits from the effects of a strong evaluation in Startup Environment and Variety of Workplace Options. The city maintains its top position in the Economy function this year due to improved results in Corporate Tax Rate as well. Although New York is also evaluated highly in other functions#1 in R&D, #2 in Cultural Interaction, and #3 in Accessibilitythe citys #25 Environment, and #28 Livability remain significant weaknesses.Criteria for Selecting Cities1. Cities found in the top ten of existing influential city rankings 2. Major cities of countries found in the top ten of existing influential international competitiveness rankings 3. Cities which do not meet the above criteria but were deemed appropriate for inclusion by the GPCI Executive CommitteeHowever, some cities match one or more of the above criteria but are not evaluated in the GPCI as necessary data are not available.Nw , j1 . 7 ws N zp 10 t loM N2. sM tSMo 10 t loM w A N3. RbqT 0 Nqo q U & qo Q h N hiz Gw, jhbwwzw U pKqT 0 NtoMsM NK1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344LondonNew YorkTokyoParisSingaporeAmsterdamSeoulBerlinHong KongSydneyStockholmLos AngelesSan FranciscoTorontoFrankfurtZurichViennaCopenhagenChicagoBostonVancouverMadridBeijingBarcelonaBrusselsShanghaiWashington, DCOsakaDubaiGenevaMilanKuala LumpurMoscowIstanbulTaipeiBangkokFukuokaBuenos AiresMexico CitySao PauloJakartaJohannesburgMumbaiCairoComprehensive Ranking 9 5Comprehensive Ranking w w 5x zb 7zz fzzqslh 2012 tU HMo 1t z 2016 t fU HMo 3 t hqMO!=xKlh U z w N x 10 p 5oMy G t yhUz HMo 6 t hTvo ApKlh E tCQoz GDPw Rt&A pw yoM a
展开阅读全文