资源描述
2017 Cultural and Creative Industries Monitoring ReportSummaryImprintPublisherFederal Ministry forEconomic Affairs and Energy (BMWi)Public Relations11019 Berlin, Germanybmwi.deText and editingCentre for European Economic Research (ZEW), MannheimProject teamProf. Irene Bertschek (ZEW, project leader)Dr Jrg Ohnemus (ZEW)Dr Daniel Erdsiek (ZEW)Dr Simone Kimpeler (Fraunhofer ISI)Dr Christian Rammer (ZEW)Design and productionPRpetuum GmbH, MunichStatusDecember 2017IllustrationsJesse Records/EyeEm Getty Images (Title)This brochure is published as part of the public relations work of the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy. It is distributed free of charge and is not intended for sale. The distribution of this brochure at campaign events or at information stands run by political parties is prohibited, and political party-related information or advertising shall not be inserted in, printed on, or affixed to this publication.The Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy was awarded the audit berufundfamilie for its family-friendly staff policy. The certificate is granted by berufundfamilie gGmbH, an initia-tive of the Hertie Foundation.This publication as well as further publications can be obtained from:Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi)Public RelationsE-mail: publikationenbundesregierung.debmwi.deCentral procurement service:Tel.: 030 182722721Fax: 030 18102722721Table of contents1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31.1 Commission.31.2 Definition.32 Overview of the Overall Economic Importance of the Cultural and Creative Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52.1 Key Data on the Cultural and Creative Industries in Germany .52.2 Contribution of the Cultural and Creative Industries towards Value Creation.82.3 Employment in the Cultural and Creative Industries.102.4 Export Ratios in the Cultural and Creative Industries.113 Employment and Skills in the Cultural and Creative Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144 Start-ups in the Cultural and Creative Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205 Innovation in the Cultural and Creative Industries Compared with Other Sectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287 Annex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .347.1 Detailed Tables .347.2 Bibliography .462Overview of the Cultural and Creative Industries in 2016253,200companies 98.8 billion gross value added 4.8 billionannual spending on innovation 154.4 billion sales4.2 % more gross value added(compared to 2015)5.2 %start-up ratio slightly above average figure for Germany1,117,047“core” workers 138,200 sales per “core” worker 88,470 gross value added per “core” worker9.5 %of com-panies are proactive exporters863,844 employees subject to the payment of social security contributionsapprox. 9,900new start-ups3.8 %foreign sales3 %more “core” workers(compared to 2015)3.5 %more employees subject to the payment of social security contributions(compared to 2015) 520,900people in marginal employment and marginal self-employ-ment 609,700 turnover per company3.1 % of total German spending on innovation3.1 % share of GDP22.7 %self-employed(proportion of “core” workers)1,637,961Total workingin sector3The latter point is considered in greater depth in Chapter 3 on the basis of the findings of a representative company survey conducted by the ZEW in spring 2017. Also, the unabridged version of the Monitoring Report contains fur-ther analysis in its descriptions of the sub-sectors. Detailed tables on the number of companies, turnover and “core” workers can be found in the annex to this report (cf. Sec-tion 7.1). Definitions of “core” and “marginal” workers can be found in the footnotes to table 2.1.1.2 DefinitionThe definition of the cultural and creative industries underlying this report follows the definition of the Confer-ence of Economic Affairs Ministers and places the focus on commercial companies.3“The cultural and creative industries comprise all cultural and creative enterprises that are mainly market-oriented and deal with the creation, production and/or dissemina-tion through the media of cultural/creative goods and ser-vices.” The main criterion for the definition is the commer-cial character of the company. All market-based companies that are subject to VAT or that aim to generate revenue from art, culture and creativity belong to this group of companies. Companies not included in this group are com-panies or entities that do not derive most of their funding through the market, instead receiving government funding or licence fees, or are supported by non-profit funds or pri-vate investors. Such a distinction between commercial or market-based companies on the one hand and non-market based companies on the other is of particular importance for the situation in Germany for reasons concerning poli-cies of regulation and governance.1 Introduction1.1 CommissionFor the fifth year in a row, the Federal Ministry for Eco-nomic Affairs and Energy has commissioned the Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW) in Mannheim and the Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI in Karlsruhe to conduct an annual audit of the cultural and creative industries (CCIs) in Germany. The 2017 mon-itoring report builds upon the audits carried out over the past few years.1It evaluates the importance of the CCIs for the overall economy and shows how the relevant economic indicators developed between 2011 and 2016.2The analyses contained in the report are based on data from publicly available sources and from a representative survey con-ducted by ZEW in spring 2017 on the cultural and creative industry sector in Germany.The current audit focuses on the following key aspects:z What is the economic importance of the cultural and creative industries for the overall economy, and how does this sector compare to other more traditional sectors in Germany?z What are the key distinguishing features of the individ-ual submarkets in the cultural and creative industries?z How have the cultural and creative industries and their submarkets developed over the last few years in terms of key indicators (turnover, value added, number of compa-nies, employment) and export activities?z How are company start-ups developing in the cultural and creative industries in Germany?z How innovative are CCI businesses compared with other sectors?z What is the current situation in the German cultural and creative sector in terms of work and skills?1 For last years report, see Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (2017), Monitoring of Selected Economic Key Data on the Cultural and Creative Industries 2016, unabridged version, Berlin.2 Key data are also available for earlier years, but were not included for the sake of brevity and readability. If you wish to have this information, the authors will be happy to provide it to you.3 Conference of Economic Affairs Ministers (2009), Leitfaden zur Erstellung einer statistischen Datengrundlage fr die Kulturwirtschaft und eine lnderbergreifende Auswertung kulturwirtschaftlicher Daten, Cologne. (available in German only)1 INTRODUCTION41. Music industry7. Architecture market2. Book market6. Performing arts market3. Art market5. Broadcasting industry4. Film industryOthers8. Design industry11. Software andgames industry9. Press market10. Advertising marketSource: Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology, 2009.Figure 1.1: The submarkets of the cultural and creative industries5Gross value added just under 100 billionOn the basis of a new calculation method, the gross value added generated by the cultural and creative industries totalled an estimated 98.8 billion in 20165, or nearly 4.2 % more than in 2015. The sector contributed approximately 3.1 % of Germanys GDP. Gross value added has been rising continuously in the cultural and creative sector from a level of 74.2 billion in 2009.Approximately 3.5 % more employees subject to the payment of social security contributions well over 1.1 million “core” workers in sectorThe number of employees in jobs subject to the payment of social security contributions saw a renewed sharp rise in 2016 of 3.5 % to 864,000. This means that nearly 100,000 new jobs subject to the payment of social security contri-butions have been created in the cultural and creative sec-tor in the last four years.If we also take into account the 253,200 self-employed per-sons in this sector, we arrive at a figure of approximately 1,117,000 “core” (non-marginal) workers in the CCI sector. This represents a rise of nearly 3 % from the 2015 figure.Slight rise in marginal employment total number working in sector also risingFollowing the sharp drop in the number of people in mar-ginal employment in 2015, the figure recovered slightly last year. In 2016, slightly more than 310,000 people were engaged in marginal activity in the cultural and creative industries. That is roughly 2,000 or 0.7 % more than in the preceding year. Nevertheless, the figure is well below its peak in 2010, when 379,300 people were engaged in this form of work.The following analyses are based on official statistics from the Federal Statistical Office of Germany and the Federal Employment Agency. Detailed explanations of the various data sources and calculation methods are provided in the annex to the unabridged version of this report. Due to delays in the publication of certain official statistics, it has been necessary to estimate some of the latest data. Such estimates have been marked.2.1 Key Data on the Cultural and Creative Industries in GermanyMore than a quarter of a million companies in the German cultural and creative industriesContinuing the trend seen in the preceding years, there was another substantial rise in the number of companies in the cultural and creative industries (CCIs) in Germany in 2016. There are now an estimated approx. 253,200 companies, or 1.1 % more than in 2015 (cf. table 2.1).4The number of com-panies in the CCI sector has continually grown since 2009; at the same time, the proportion of all companies in Ger-many which are in the cultural and creative industries has been relatively constant and currently stands at 7.7 %.Total turnover stands at 154.4 billionThe CCI companies generated an estimated turnover of 154.4 billion in 2016. This means that overall turnover increased by around 1.5 % compared with 2015. Like the number of companies, CCI turnover has also recorded almost uninterrupted growth since 2009. The only excep-tion was 2013, when turnover dropped slightly below the preceding years level.2 Overview of the Overall Economic Importance of the Cultural and Creative Industries4 The estimates in the 2015 report have been replaced in this report by the actual figures for 2015. Discrepancies may therefore occur in the figures for 2015 in the current report compared to the previous years report.5 The use of a new calculation method results in considerably higher figures for gross value added in this years report than in previous years (cf. also Section 2.2).2 OVERVIEW OF THE OVERALL ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF THE CULTURAL AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES6Table 2.1: Key data on the cultural and creative industries in Germany 2011 2016*Category 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016* Change 2015/2016No. of companies (in thousands)1aCultural and creative industries (CCIs) 244.3 245.8 246.4 247.0 250.4 253.2 1.10 %Contribution of CCIs to overall economy 7.60 % 7.56 % 7.60 % 7.62 % 7.69 % 7.67 %Turnover (
展开阅读全文