2020年中国营商环境白皮书.pdf

2020 White Pa Per on the Business e nvironment in China 2020年中国营商环境白皮书Review Committee 编审委员会 Scott Liang GM, Apex (Guangzhou) Tools & Orthopedics Co. 梁生虎 总经理， 艾派 （广州） 医疗器械有限公司 Edouard Mac Nab VP Finance - Greater China, Mead Johnson & Co. LLC 艾敬元 大中华区财务副总裁， 美赞臣营养品 （中国） 有限公司 Thomas Podgurski Group Director, Royal Service Air Conditioning 谭保加士基 集团董事， 皇家空调设备工程 （广东） 有限公司 Thomas J. Pohl Director - Finance & Accounting, Greater China, P&G Thomas J. Pohl 大中华区财务总裁， 宝洁集团 Joe Rocha III Managing Director, GreenPro Capital 何嘉恒 总经理， 绿专资本集团 Andy Rusie VP FP&A, M&A, and Investor Relations, BWAY Corporation Andy Rusie 企业财务计划与分析、 企业并购及投资者关系副总裁， BWAY Corporation Tim Shaver Club Manager, Harbour Plaza Golf Club Dongguan 田星华 会所经理， 东莞海逸高尔夫球会 Dr. Hui Sun Legal Scholar 孙惠博士 法学专家 Tim Wen VP & China Rep., Allway Co. Inc. 温天伦 副总裁兼中国首席代表， 美国百通集团 Dr. Harley Seyedin (Chairman) President, Allelon Energy Partners 哈利 . 赛亚丁博士 （主席） 总裁， 阿来龙能源 (In alphabetical order of last name 以下按姓氏字母排列) Dr. James Eric (Jay) Black Mercer University Schumann Endowed Professor in Media Writing and Chair of the Department of Journalism and Media Studies James Eric (Jay) Black博士 特聘教授、 新闻与媒介研究系主席， 美国摩斯大学 Dr. David Buxbaum Attorney, Anderson & Anderson L.L.P . 包恒博士 代理人， 美国安与恩事务所 Chee Eng Gan President of Greater China Region, Amway (China) Co. Limited 颜志荣 大中华区总裁， 安利 （中国） 日用品有限公司 Alex Tan Publication Assistant AmCham South China 谭嘉琳 出版助理， 华南美国商会 Dr. Joe Chow Managing Director, Duff & Phelps 周炳辰博士 董事总经理， 道衡 Robert Chu Managing Director, FedEx China 朱泰浩 董事总经理， 联邦快递 （中国） 有限公司 Dr. David Hon CEO, Dahon Technologies 韩德玮博士 董事长， 大行车业 （深圳） 有限公司 2020 The American Chamber of Commerce in South China 版权所有 华南美国商会 2020年 Reproduction for commercial use strictly prohibited. This document is available free of charge in electronic form at: amcham-southchina 严禁复制以作商业用途。 华南美国商会官方网站提供该 出版物电子版免费下载。 Last updated: March 15, 2020 最后更新日期： 2020年3月15日 The American Chamber of Commerce in South China华南美国商会 Suite 2208, Guangdong International Building, 339 Huanshi East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PRC, 510098 中华人民共和国广东省广州市越秀区环市东路339号广 东国际大厦2208室 ， 邮政编码： 510098 Tel. 86-20-8335 1476 Fax. 86-20-8332 1642 amchamamcham-southchina amcham-southchinaPresidents Message 8 Part I Commentary 14 1.1 US Presidential Policy and the Normalization of US-China Relations 1.2 Current US-China Trade Conflict 1.3 The Shenzhen Demonstration Area - Showcasing Chinas Formula for High-quality Growth * Section 1.3 Courtesy of EY 1.4 Interpretation of the ForeignInvestment Law * Section 1.4 Courtesy of Anderson & Anderson LLP 1.5 Development of Chinas Intellectual Property Law in 2019* Section 1.5 Courtesy of Anderson & Anderson LLP Part II Industry Overviews 128 2.1 Agriculture 130 2.2 Animals and Related Products 146 2.3 Automotive Industry 158 2.4 Machinery Industry 178 2.5 Construction and Real Estate 192 2.6 Resources and Industrial Materials 210 2.7 Electricity Generation 224 2.8 Logistics 244 2.9 Travel and Tourism 262 2.10 Merchandising 272 2.11 Consumer Goods 290 2.12 Food Services 312 2.13 Culture, Sports, and Entertainment 322 2.14 Healthcare 344 2.15 Education Industry 362 2.16 Financial Sector 380 2.17 Information and Communication 394Technology Industry Contents 目录 会长致辞 11 第 一 部 分 评 论 15 1.1 美国总统政策与中美关系正常化 1.2 中美贸易冲突现况 1.3 深圳先行示范区中国高质量发展模式的里程碑 *1.3节由安永提供 1.4 外商投资法 解读 *1.4节 由安以恩律师事务所提 1.5 2019年中国知识产权法发-展情况*1.5节由安以恩律师事务所提供 第二部分 行业概况 129 2.1 农业 131 2.2 动物及相关产品 147 2.3 汽车行业 159 2 . 4 机 械 制 造 业 1 7 9 2.5 建筑和房地产 193 2 . 6 资 源 及 工 业 原 料 2 1 1 2 . 7 电 力 生 产 2 2 5 2.8 物流 245 2.9 旅行和旅游业 263 2.10 销售 273 2.11 消费品 291 2.12 餐饮服务业 313 2.13 文化、 体育和娱乐 323 2.14 医疗保健行业 345 2.15 教育产业 363 2.16 金融业 381 2.17 信息通讯技术业 395 List of Abbreviations and Acronyms 410 in Part I and Part II Part III Regional Overview 412 * Part III Courtesy of EY 3.1 Economic Overwiew in South China 414 3.2 Guangdong 422 3.3 Fujian 442 3.4 Guangxi 456 3.5 Hainan 484 3.6 HongKong 498 3.7 Macao 506 Part IV Results of 2020 State of 512 Business Study 4.1 Demographics 514 4.2 Revenue and Profitability 518 4.3 Reinvestment Trends 526 4.4 Business Environment 539 4.5 US-China Bilateral Relations 545 第三部分 区域概况 413 *该部分由安永提供 3.1 华南地区经济概况 415 3.2 广东 423 3.3 福建 443 3.4 广西 457 3.5 海南 485 3.6 香港 499 3.7 澳门 507 第四部分 2020 年经济情况问卷调查结果 513 4.1 受访企业组成 514 4.2 收入与利润 518 4.3 再投资趋势 526 4.4 营商环境 539 4.5 美中双边关系 545 16 36 58 76 90 * 第一部分及第二部分由广州博朗翻译服务有限公司提供翻译 17 37 59 77 918 9 2020 White Paper on the Business Environment in China The American Chamber of Commerce in South China Presidents Message The data involved in this 2020 White Paper on the Business Environment in China is untainted by the recent confusing events and various governmental actions as it intentionally only includes data compiled and analyzed prior to the onset of the Novel Coronavirus outbreak and measures taken by China to protect its people and those of other countries. While it is entirely too early to determine the total impact of the virus on China and world economy, we have already conducted two follow-up studies and plan to conduct a comprehensive study at some point in the future when the cloud has cleared and life is back. We have done so as we believe this 2020 White Paper on the Business Environment in China accurately assesses what businesses will do once they are back to business. Please visit amcham-southchina to access additional studies free of charge, as they become available. The Chinese government continuously stepped up its efforts to curtail the virus in an open and productive way, but it was impossible to predict which direction this epidemic would take. Chinas government suspended most access to Wuhan, the city at the center of the outbreak on Jan. 23. Restrictions expanded to cities with a total of 60 million people in the broadest anti-disease measures ever imposed. Restaurants, shops and other businesses nationwide were ordered to close. World Health Organization (WHO) officials have expressed their encouragement concerning the steps China has taken to prevent widespread transmission outside its borders. The countrys precautions for the most part contained the outbreak at its source and appeared to have bought the world time. International teams of experts worked closely with their Chinese counterparts to understand the outbreak and to minimize the transmission of new cases. According to this years Special Report, American companies in South China have been less affected by the virus outbreak and decisions made by the government to contain it. Our Chamber has been working with our members to develop plans to defend against such situations for well over a decade. Since 2006, I have encouraged our companies to develop strategies against viral outbreaks as it was always “not a question of if but when” a virus would strike. This planning is also the reason why with encouragement from AmCham South China its members donated 38 million US dollars in cash and 1.05 million US dollars in-kind to aid Wuhan, Hubei, and other areas in need by mid-February. As a foreign non-profit, non-partisan business organization with long-term dedication to the public welfare, AmCham South China is continuing to make an all- out effort by calling on members and individuals to donate funds and supplies to help contain the virus outbreak, especially medical supplies and protective items, including face masks, protective caps, suits, goggles and disposable latex gloves. Our members have been working hand in hand with our Chinese counterparts to fight this outbreak. China has a strong public health system, but this is now more than just a China problem. WHO has called the virus a threat to global health. America has already seen over a dozen deaths caused by the virus. Other countries such as Italy and South Korea have seen far more. The international community must come together to not only help China in its time of need but to also intensify its own preparedness. The virus that emerged in central China in December has infected over 100,000 people globally and has killed far too many people, the vast majority in China. World leaders need to do better. The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) of 2003 is nothing more than a vague memory for most Americans. The global economy has changed since 2003. China now accounts for 16 percent of global GDP, up from 4 percent back then. And it is the worlds second-biggest importer. Any weakness, however temporary, is felt far and wide. The economy has not just grown since 2000. The countrys manufacturers have also become entangled in supply chains of mind-boggling complexity. A factory in Wuhan may provide parts to a firm in Guangzhou, which in turn supplies a factory somewhere else in the world, with the final product emerging in Michigan. Just-in-time production leaves little room for delays. Many firms cannot trace all their suppliers, making it hard to predict the impact of work stoppages in China on their output, let alone on global GDP . For too long the world has operated on a cycle of panic and neglect. We echo the UN health agencys director-general Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus: “We throw money at an outbreak, and when its over we forget about it and do nothing to prevent the next one.” The Novel Coronavirus is drawing much-needed attention to the possibility of a global health crisis. Awareness, however, is not enough. The status quo has made us all vulnerable. Lives will continue to be at risk to similar occurrences without more action from policymakers from across the planet. The human toll of the virus is not the only major problem at hand. It is becoming increasingly clear that restarting China, the worlds largest manufacturer and a giant of global trade, will be difficult even as the country makes major strides to contain the outbreak. Im proud to say our staff and members are doing their part. We contacted all of our members by telephone and released a Special Report on the Impact of COVID-19 Coronavirus Outbreak in late February. According to our recent polling of members as of March 6, 95% of our companies and 93% of factories were operational. About 80-85% of workers have returned to work. Many companies are working overtime, and companies with offices in office buildings are implementing staggered shifts to manage people flow. We are currently calling members to determine the impact of the outbreak on the supply chain. As of the end of February, 100% of difficulties reported by our members were solved within 24 hours from the time of being relayed by us to relevant government officials. Economic growth in much of the world slowed in the last quarter of 2019 as consumers became more cautious about spending, leaving the economies vulnerable as they begin to feel the effects of the outbreak in China. It remains clear that business as usual has not fully resumed. One thing that can help would be a Phase II deal between the US and China. This would supply a needed boost to international economies as they restock necessary inventory. For the sake of international trade, the US and China must return to the negotiating table. Both countries have a big incentive to agree to the additional issues that are still unresolved. The worlds two biggest economies have been locked in a bruising trade conflict. Hitting each other with rhetorical volleys and tariffs on hundreds of billions of dollars worth of goods is not helping the process. I believe the key to minimizing conflict is if we can develop shared standards for emerging technologies. Our nations must cooperate to preserve a prosperous international order. US-China ties would be a stabilizer for bilateral relations. Both sides should strengthen strategic communication to avoid misunderstandings and misjudgment. Together we can right the wrongs of the past and deliver a future of economic justice and security. While the bilateral relationship between the US and China has gone through many ups and downs since 2018, many AmCham South China members have withstood the impact to various degrees. Our Special Report this year found relatively stable revenue, profitability, and return on investments in China. While more US companies witnessed decline in revenues from China than their counterparts, their profitability remained better than the others. In spite of all the problems and controversies, China remains one of the top three investment destination in the world by more than a half of