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Prepared on the occasion of the Island EnergyTransitions conference, held in Fort-de-France,Martinique,22-24 June 2015 A Path to Prosperity: RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR ISLANDS Second Edition A PATH TO PROSPERITY: RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR ISLANDS A Path to Prosperity: Renewable Energy for Islands presents a compilation of case studies from small island developing states (SIDS) and developmentpartners.Thesedemonstratereal-lifeproject viability,highlightinnovativesolutionsandshowcasesuccessful partnerships,which together are advancing the deployment of renewable energy in SIDS. The first edition of A Path to Prosperity: Renewable Energy for Islands was released at the Third International Conference on Small Island Developing States, held in Samoa in 2014. The second edition expands on the database of projects and introduces a selection of tools which may be of assistance to SIDS in their renewable energy transition. A Path to Prosperity: Renewable Energy for Islands was made possible through the engagement and contributions of the governments of Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Cabo Verde, Fiji, France, Germany, Jamaica, New Zealand, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Tokelau, Vanuatu, the United Arab Emirates and the United States of America, as well as Aguas de Ponta Preta, the Asian Development Bank, the Caribbean Development Bank, the ECOWAS Commission for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency, Fondation Energies pour le Monde, the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the United Nations Development Programme and the World Bank. Country information was obtained from the CIA World Factbook. Highlighted tools stem from IRENA island-related programmatic work spanning the last five years. A Path to Prosperity: Renewable Energy for Islands was prepared in support of the Martinique conference, Island Energy Transitions, taking place in Fort-de-France on 22-24 June 2015. Under the umbrella of the SIDS Lighthouses Initiative, the Martinique conference will gather stakeholders to consider resources, technology, markets, financing and other aspects of renewable energy development on islands. Contents SIDS Lighthouses Initiative 2 02 Projects Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Mediterranean and South China Sea Cabeolica Wind Project 7 Sustainable Energy Services for Isolated Communities Through Renewable Energy-Powered Micro-Grids in Santo Anto (SESAM-ER)9 Decentralised Rural Electrification in Southern Madagascar (Resouth) 11 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Buildings and Industry 13 Agrinergie 5 15 OTEC in French Overseas Territories 17 TechnicalAssistanceforPower SectorEfficiencyImprovement in So Tom and Prncipe 19 Port Victoria Wind Farm 21 Caribbean Implementation of Sustainable Solar Energy 25 Turtle Beach Resort Solar Water Heating Project 27 Geothermal Development in Dominica 29 Renewable Energy-Based Rural Electrification Programme 31 Desirade Electric Vehicles 33 Petite Place Wind Farm 35 Wigton Windfarm Phases I & II 37 Study of Martiniques Photovoltaic Performance 39 St Vincent and the Grenadines Geothermal Development Project 41 USVI Energy Transition 43 01 SIDS Lighthouses Pacific Rukua Mini-Grid Solar Project47 Intercontinental Bora Bora Resort & Thalasso Spa 49 Prony I, II, III and Mont Mau 51 Samoa Wind Farm 53 Alaoa Hydropower Rehabilitation 55 Coconut Oil Diesel Replacement Trial 57 Tokelau Renewable Energy Project 59 Laa Lahi Solar Field 61 Tuvalu Photovoltaic Electricity Network Integration Project 63 Talise Micro-Hydroelectric Project 65 Lighthouses Initiative Quickscans 69 Renewables Readiness Assessments 71 Island Roadmaps 73 Project Navigator 75 Grid Integration Assessments77 03 Tools 3 The 21st Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), or COP21, to be held in Paris in December 2015, will be a key milestone in the international effort to curb global warming. Small Island Developing States (SIDS) can act as lighthouses by transforming their costly oil- based power generation towards renewable energy, addressing at the same time affordability and climate change. SIDS LIGHTHOUSES INITIATIVE The extraordinary momentum created in 2014 by the International Year for Small Island Developing States, the Third International Conference on Small Island Developing States and the UN Secretary Generals Climate Summit has set the focus of the international community on the imperative of sustainable development for SIDS. Within this context, there is a central role for renewable energy. SIDS and partners are taking decisive steps to accelerate renewable energy deployment in support of sustainable development for all SIDS. During the Renewable Energy Forum that took place in Samoa on 30 August 2014, leaders and experts highlighted the importance of renewable energy for supporting the sustainable development of SIDS and highlighted the key areas that need to be addressed in order to advance renewable energy in SIDS. While energy use and greenhouse gas emissions from islands represent only a small share globally, SIDS provide a unique opportunity to demonstrate successful transitions to very high shares of renewable energy. In addition, the relatively small size of SIDS means that renewable energy transitions can be implemented in a shorter period of time and thus quickly provide valuable insights to assist with renewable energy transitions in other remote areas and larger energy systems worldwide. The SIDS Lighthouses Initiative (in brief: Lighthouses) supports the strategic deployment of renewable energy in SIDS, brings clarity to policy makers regarding the required steps, and enables targeted action. As a joint effort of SIDS and development partners, this framework for action is assisting in transforming SIDS energy systems through the establishment of the enabling conditions for a renewable energy-based future. Lighthouses has five main objectives: Develop and implement a structured approach to island power sector transitions to high shares of renewable energy through a set of guidelines, tools and support mechanisms, thus enabling more efficient use of resources Accelerate renewable energy transitions through identification of needs and gaps, and learning from experiences on other islands Strengthen knowledge base and building of institutional capacity that can handle a rapid and profound transition Facilitate development of enabling frameworks for investment Identify funding opportunities and facilitate matchmaking between project developers and funding organisations The SIDS Lighthouses Initiative was officially launched on 23 September 2014 at the UN Climate Summit in New York City. During an initial five- year timeframe, the Initiative focuses on the electrical power sector and aims to achieve the following quantitative targets: Mobilise USD 500 million in funding for renewable energy transition in SIDS 4 Deploy 100 MW of new solar PV Deploy 20 MW of new wind power Deploy significant quantities of small hydropower and geothermal energy and a number of marine technology projects Ensure all SIDS develop renewable energy roadmaps STATUS OF THE INITIATIVE During the Samoa Conference on 30 August 2014 as well as the Climate Summit in New York on 23 September 2014, renewable energy was highlighted as a crucial part of sustainable development and as a solution for climate change. At the Summit, the SIDS Lighthouses Initiative was featured as an area for collaborative action, receiving strong support from SIDS, development partners and private sector stakeholders. The Initiative has grown from 32 partners to 45 at present, including Aruba, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Cabo Verde, Comoros, Cook Islands, European Union, Fiji, France, Germany, Grenada, Guyana, Italy, Japan, Kiribati, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Nauru, New Zealand, Norway, Palau, Samoa, So Tom and Prncipe, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Seychelles, Federated States of Micronesia, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, United Arab Emirates, United States of America, and Carbon War Room, Clinton Climate Initiative, ENEL, Indian Ocean Commission, IRENA, Rocky Mountain Institute, SE4ALL, UNDP, the World Bank Group. Interest from new partners to join is growing. CONTINUING IMPLEMENTATION Despite recent targeted action, many islands face continued barriers during the different stages of project development. For example, increased island investment has meant that many islands are in a situation of project overload, creating a need for islands to focus resources on electricity system design and integration before pursuing new projects. Lighthouses helps islands assess and address these issues to enable stronger, sustainable development and smart integration of renewables. Lighthousesworkswithpartnerstoapplyalloperationalstepsanddevelop a comprehensive overview of SIDS power sector knowledge, best practice and transformation issues. With partner support, this overview will bridge the gap between studies and projects on the ground through innovative deployment mechanisms. UndertheumbrellaoftheSIDSLighthousesInitiative,APathtoProsperity: Renewable Energy for Islands provides real-life examples of renewable energy projects, key insights and lessons learned to stakeholders. Based on feedback received, information on selected tools which may be of assistance to SIDS in their transition to renewable energy has also been provided. Contributions to the project database and profiled tools are welcome. 5 Atlantic,Indian Ocean, Mediterranean and South China Sea Cabeolica Wind Project,Cabo Verde Sustainable Energy Services for Isolated Communities Through Renewable Energy Powered Micro-Grids in Santo Anto (SESAM-ER), Cabo Verde Decentralised Rural Electrification in Southern Madagascar (Resouth), Madagascar Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Buildings and Industry, Mauritius Agrinergie,Runion OTEC in French Overseas Territories, Runion Technical Assistance for Power Sector Efficiency Improvement in So Tom and Prncipe, So Tom and Prncipe Port Victoria Wind Farm,Seychelles 6 IakovKalinin/Shutterstock CABOVERDE7 The islands heavy reliance on expensive and imported diesel (which is not environmentally friendly). The high price of transporting fuel. The unreliable electricity supply. The Cabeolica project was part of this strategy. It was a joint effort financed by the European Investment Bank, the African Development Bank, the African Finance Corporation, Finnfund and InfraCo Africa. The Private Infrastructure Development Group provided a USD 170 000 grant to fund wind pattern and technical engineering studies during the development phase of the project. Main features Scale: Up to 25.5 MW of power generated by 30 turbines Project budget (USD): 78 million Funding source: Public-private partnership Cabeolica Wind Project The Cabo Verde archipelago is one of the best sites for wind power generation since it is located in the northeast trade winds belt. Wind power was first deployed here in 1994. The government set a target to generate 50% of its energy from renewable energy sources by 2020 and ultimately, 100%. This was due to: Cabo Verde archipelago Date started: 2006 Date completed: 2011 Republic of Cabo Verde Area: 4 033 sq km Coastline: 965 km Population: 538 535 (July 2014 est.) GDP: USD 3,389 billion (2014 est.) 8 The Cabeolica Wind Project involves 30 turbines in four wind farms on Boa Vista, Sao Vicente, Sal and Santiago islands. The farm on Santiago Island, the site of the largest of the four wind farms, was the first put into operation in September 2011. It was developed, commissioned and deployed by InfraCo Africa, a multi-government funded, privately managed company. The project is now managed by Cabeolica SA established in 2009 by the Government of Cabo Verde, Electra (the government owned utility) and InfraCo Africa, the lead project developer. Impact The Cabeolica Wind Project won the 2011 Africa Energy Renewable Energy Project of the Year Award. It is the first infrastructure public-private partnership (PPP) in Cabo Verde and the first PPP in the renewable power sector in Sub-Saharan Africa. The wind farms are expected to generate approximately 25% of the countrys energy, thereby diversifying the energy mix and protecting the electricity sector from oil price volatility. The power generated is cheaper, cleaner and more reliable, helping to decrease the number of outages and support economic growth. As a result of the project, an additional 50 000 citizens were connected to the national electricity grid. Power generation costs are expected to be approximately 20% less than before. Oil imports are expected to be greatly reduced by up to 20 000 tonnes. Project insights The project design and financing can be replicated elsewhere, particularly in other Sub-Saharan regions at scales suitable to the relevant countries. CABOVERDE9 and 80 panels of 150 Wp) Project budget (USD): 498 115 Funding source: Owner: Municipality of Porto Novo (public) Implementation and operation: APP - guas de Ponta Preta, lda (private) Co-financing: 75% European Union (Energy Facility) and 25% Municipality of Porto Novo The micro solar photovoltaic power plant supplies 39,3 kWp for 24 Porto Novo City, Santo Anto, Cabo Verde Date started: March 2008 Date completed: February 2012 Republic of Cabo Verde Area: 4 033 sq km Coastline: 965 km Population: 538 535 (July 2014 est.) GDP: USD 3,389 billion (2014 est.) Sustainable Energy Services for Isolated Communities Through Renewable Energy-Powered Micro-Grids in Santo Anto (SESAM-ER) Monte Trigo is a fishing village of about 270 residents, located in the south ofSantoAnto,withnoadequateroadaccessorconnectiontothenational grid. The community only had limited access to electricity from a diesel generator which was difficult to maintain. The lack of fuel hampers its development, making this fishing community one of the most vulnerable in Porto Novo. The isolation, lack of reliable transportation infrastructure and the high poverty rate contribute to this vulnerability. Generation costs were even higher than the national
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