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For decades, the livestock debate has focused on how to increase production in a sustain-able manner. However, the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has shifted the emphasis from fostering sustainable production per se, to enhancing the contribution of the sector to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This publica-tion examines the sectors interaction with each of these Goals, as well as the potential synergies, trade-offs, and complex interlinkages. This global report is intended to serve as a reference framework that Member States and stakeholders can use as they engage in the transformation process of the livestock sector towards sustainability. It calls for an integrated approach towards livestock sustainable development, highlights the effective adaptation of the SDGs into specific and targeted national policy action as the major challenge ahead, and flags the steps in the implementation road map.Transforming the livestock sector through the Sustainable Development GoalsWorld LivestockWORLD LIVESTOCKTransforming thelivestock sector throughthe Sustainable Development GoalsFOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONSRome, 2018Transforming thelivestock sector throughthe Sustainable Development GoalsWORLD LIVESTOCKREQUIRED CITATIONFAO. 2018. World Livestock: Transforming the livestock sector through the Sustainable Development Goals. Rome. 222 pp. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specif_ic companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily ref_lect the views or policies of FAO.ISBN 978-92-5-130883-7 FAO, 2018Some rights reserved. 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Queries regarding rights and licensing should be submitted to: copyrightfao.iiiContentsForeword xiiiAcknowledgements xvKey messages xviExecutive summary xxiii1. Livestock and no poverty Introduction 1The catalytic role of livestock in strengthening household livelihoods 2Livestock as a resilience strategy 4Translating fast economic growth into faster poverty reduction 6Livestock growth and employment generation 8Conclusion 92. Livestock and zero hunger Introduction 10Global trends impacting the sector 12Livestock and hunger eradication: synergies and trade-offs 16Conclusion 243. Livestock and healthy lives Introduction 26Livestock and diseases 27Livestock and antimicrobial use/antimicrobial resistance 29Livestock, water, hygiene and environment 30Livestock and nutrition 31Conclusion 334. Livestock and quality education Introduction 34Animal-source foods for improved nutrition and education attainment 35ivAccess to basic education for livestock-dependent households: challenges and opportunities 37Research and extension for a more sustainable and eff_icientlivestock sector 40Conclusion 425. Livestock development and gender equality Introduction 43Reduced work burden and increased livestock productivity 45Womens participation and decision-making power in the livestock sector 47The importance of natural resources for improved livestock production 47Gender in Information and Communications Technology benef_its livestock production and productivity 49Conclusion 506. Livestock and sustainable management of water Introduction 51Accounting for livestock water demand 52Biological and chemical water hazards from livestock 53Water contamination pathways 55Mitigation options 56Conclusion 577. Livestock and clean energy Introduction 58Biogas and energy generation 59Biogas and clean cooking 61Biogas cooling and food waste 61Biogas in portable devices 61Other value-added products from biogas and manure 62Biofuel and livestock feed 62Animal power one of the oldest forms of bioenergy 63Conclusion 64v8. Economic growth and employment Introduction 65Contribution of livestock to the economy 66Population growth and employment generation 69Conclusion 719. Livestock and industrialization: turning challenges into opportunities Introduction 72Global trends in industrialization 73Drivers of industrialization in developed and developing economies 74Share of livestock in agro-processing value 76Livestock industrialization: opportunities and challenges 76Conclusion 8010. Reduced inequalities Introduction 81Income growth 82Animal-source foods, price inf_lation and inequality 84Promoting the social, economic and political inclusion of all 85Safe and responsible mobility of people 87Trade agreements 88Conclusion 8911. Livestock and sustainable cities Introduction 90Urbanization and sustainable development 91Livestock and urban agriculture 92Benef_its and challenges of urban livestock production 94Urban livestock and sustainable development 96Conclusion 98vi12. Sustainable consumption and production Introduction 99Livestock and natural resources 100Improving livestock eff_iciency in natural resource use 101Balancing diets for sustainable consumption 103Reducing waste and loss 104Conclusion 10513. Climate change and its impacts Introduction 106Climate change affects livestock production in multiple ways 107Supporting adaptation in the livestock sector 109Livestock make a signif_icant contribution to climate change 111Eff_iciency is key to reducing emissions and building resilience 111Conclusion 11314. Livestock and life below water Introduction 114Livestock and marine life depletion 115Livestock and marine pollution 116Livestock and marine resources 117Conclusion 11815. Livestock and life on land Introduction 119Livestock and ecosystem services 120Livestock and biodiversity 121Livestock and land use 122Building synergies 124Conclusion 127vii16. Livestock, peace and social stability Introduction 128Livestock, climate and social stability 129Livestock and land 131Livestock and peace 132Livestock and governance 132Conclusion 13417. Partnerships in support of SDG implementation Introduction 135The need for a holistic approach 136Leveraging instruments for SDG implementation 136Livestock partnerships in action 139Challenges 142Conclusion 14318 Livestock and SDGs: interactions and policy framework Introduction 144Key messages 145Interactions, synergies and trade-offs 150Towards a LivestockSDGs policy framework 154Conclusion 159viiiBoxesBox 1 The foodfeed competition 20Box 2 Biodiversity vs productivity 21Box 3 The end of the EU milk quota 21Box 4 Child growth and consumption of animal-source food 32Box 5 School milk programmes for improved cognitive and physical development of undernourished children 37Box 6 Education for pastoralists 39Box 7 Livestock Farmer Field Schools: improving the livelihoods of small-scale livestock producers through a participatory and hands-on learning approach 41Box 8 Eradicating livestock diseases 84Box 9 Animal disease vaccination campaigns with peace-building component 129Box 10 Livestock, pastoralists and peace 131Box 11 An example of bilateral partnerships 141Box 12 Key aspects to consider when examining partnerships 143Box 13 Food vs feed 151Box 14 Productivity vs biodiversity 152Box 15 Pastoralism and the multidimensional role of livestock systems 152Box 16 Analysing the livestock, food security and nutrition policy framework 158TablesTable 1 Smallholder factors of production 8Table 2 Historical and projected global agriculture total factor productivity growth rates by subsector 19Table 3 Key concerns with respect to food markets eff_iciency and transparency 22Table 4 Ten leading causes of death in 1850, 1900 and 2000 in the United States of America 27Table 5 Major micronutrients contained in selected animal-source foods 36Table 6 Water footprint values reported for selected food products 54Table 7 Potential of newer biogas purif_ication and bottling technology 61
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