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WWF 全球物种项目 2020 战略 中国WWF全球物种项目2020战略2014wwfchina100%再造纸+5121.2 M53+56At least 51 WWF offices (67% of the network) support and/ or implement the Global Species Programme Strategy. The scope of the work includes all the continents and oceansIn FY11, WWF invested EUR21.2 million globally in species conservation. WWF is seeking to double this amount by FY15WWF has been working on species conservation for 53 years.Some 56 flagship species are covered as priorities by the Species ProgrammeWWF 全球网络中，至少 51 个办公室支持和执行 WWF 全球物种保护战略，覆盖全球所有海洋和大洲区域。2011 年， WWF 全球物种保护投资达2100.2 万欧元，2015 年， WWF 寻找资金总量翻一番。WWF 开展全球物种保护已达 53 年。WWF 全球物种项目战略涵盖 56 个旗舰物种。WWF全球物种项目2020战略宣传册WWFs GLOBAL SPECIES PROGRAMME2020 STRATEGYWWF全球物种项目2020战略August 2012 2012年8月Translated by Chang Youde and reviewed by Fan Zhiyong翻译：长有德 ; 审阅：范志勇我们致力于wwfchina 1986 Panda symbol WWF World Wide Fund For Nature (Formerly World Wildlife Fund) “WWF” is a WWF Registered T rademark.世界自然基金会（瑞士）北京代表处北京市劳动人民文化宫东门内文华宫1609室 邮编：100006Tel：+86 10 65116211遏止地球自然环境的恶化，创造人类与自然和谐相处的美好未来。 WWF-Canon / Bernard DE WETTERWWF 全球物种项目 2020 战略物种是生态系统不可或缺的组成部分，也是人类赖以生存的基础。然而，野生生物在人类活动影响下，全球范围内正面临着前所未有的灭绝危险。防止那些我们已深入了解的常见物种的灭绝，体现了人类应对环境威胁因素的一种社会责任和能力。物种除了可以维护生态系统自身的健康和功能之外，还可以增加人们的收入来源，也可以提供食物、科研、教育、文化和娱乐。有些物种作为自然保护与管理的焦点，通过保护这些物种，进而可以拯救整个生态系统。物种受到的威胁是随时间发生变化的，也是逐渐累积的，威胁分布的范围有大有小，从局部区域的盗猎和栖息地改变，到全球气候变化、消费需求及贸易的全球影响。因此， WWF 采取的物种保护策略与方法也是因地制宜的，从局部区域到全球范围，以有效应对影响物种的主要威胁及其威胁背后的主要驱动因素。我们并非在各个方面都具有足够的应对能力，但是我们自始自终与时俱进，积极采取行动，大力筹款，增强各方政治意愿，应对日益严峻的环境威胁与保护需求。Preventing the extinction of well-known and visible species is a strong symbol of societys ability to address fundamental threats to the environment. In addition to their fundamental role in the functioning and health of ecosystems, species are sources of income, food, and scientific, educational, cultural and recreational value. Some species serve as a focus for conservation and management action to save entire ecosystems.Threats to species are varied, cumulative and dynamic, ranging from the very local such as poaching and habitat conversion to the global such as climate change and the impacts of consumer demand and world trade flows. WWFs presences and approach to conservation are tailor-made for this challenge, which requires interventions from local to global levels, and a targeted approach to drivers that affect both species and priority places. We may not as yet be well equipped with capacity on all fronts, however. And we are challenged to grow action, funding and political will to match the increasing threats and conservation need.Species are integral to, and often the face of, the ecosystems on which humans rely for survival. Yet species globally are facing unprecedented, human-driven extinctions.CONTENTS目录Theory of Change理论与变革01Goals and Strategies 目标与策略 07Annex 1. Global Initiativesone delivery mechanism for WWFs species work 16 附录 1. WWF 全 球 行 动 计 划 物种保护工作机制之一Annex 2. Contribution of thematic and policy programmes to WWFs species work 18 附录 2. WWF 专题与政策项目对 WWF 全球物种项目战略 的贡献Annex 4. WWF Flagship species, status and threats 附录 4. WWF 旗舰物种及其地位与威胁Annex 3. Flagship species SAP topline goals and objectives 附录 3. WWF 旗舰物种保护行动计划Annex 5. WWF Footprint species, status and threats 32附录 5. WWF 生态足迹物种及其地位与威胁Scope 区域 07Goals 目标 08Strategies 策略 09Theory of Change理论与变革1128203WWF全球物种项目 2020 战略WWF 优先物种的保护行动和措施包括：i)政策倡导，ii)野生生物贸易法律支持，iii）信息研究和分析，iv）必要的野外保护工作。这通过众多类型项目来实现，具体包括“物种行动计划（Species Action Plans,SAPs）”、“ 生 态 流 域 行 动 计 划（Ecoregional Action Plans，EAPs）”、“TRAFFIC 项目”、“全球行动计划（Global Initiatives，GIs）”（附录 1）、专题性项目（海洋、淡水、森林）及其它多个生态足迹与政策项目（附录 2）。 WWF 物种部门与全球项目框架下的其它项目之间相互协调和整合，实现保护效果的最大化。例如，地中海区域国家办公室和项目办公室要整合在一起，开展地中海海洋环境保护行动计划，实现物种保护行动计划中所涉及的海洋鲸类和赤蠵 龟的保护。对优先物种保护具有重要作用的“全球行动计划”主要包括“智慧渔业(Smart Fishing)”( 海龟、金枪鱼、鳕鱼、阿拉斯加鳕鱼、鲨鱼）、“非洲的绿色心脏”（非洲象和大猩猩）、“北极保护行动”（北极熊和鲸类）及“全球老虎生存计划”（包含所有老虎亚种）。只有各个“物种保护行动计划”的众多保护措施得以广泛而深入的实施，才能确保旗舰物种的生存和未来。例如，“全球行动计划”的投入（“全球老虎生存计划”除外）并不一定完全涵盖物种保护的需要，但是，“全球行动计划”的投入对旗舰物种和生态足迹物种的贡献，从物种保护层面必须明确出来，以便相关物种保护行动计划的领导者能够深入了解其相关内容和信息，从而相互协调和整合，实现物种保护效果的最大化。Our priority species require conservation actions and interventions implying i) policy and advocacy, ii)wildlife trade regulation support, iii) information research and analysis, and iv) substantial field engagement. Such interventions are carried out via dedicated programmes such as the SAPs, as well as within other programmes including ecoregional action plans, TRAFFIC, GIs (Annex 1), thematic programmes (marine, freshwater, forest) and various footprint and policy programmes (Annex 2). The Species Units undertaking a harmonization of species objectives with other GPF programmes, in order to maximize efficiencies and optimize synergies. For example, the Mediterranean NOs and Programme Office are collectively working on a Mediterranean Initiative for the Marine Environment which includes activities for the protection of cetaceans and logger head turtles in line with priorities listed in the relevant SAPs. The GIs that stand out for their significant, essential contribution to species priorities are Smart Fishing (marine turtles, tuna, cod, Alaskan pollock, sharks), Green Heart of Africa (elephants and great apes), Arctic (polar bears, cetaceans) and Tigers Alive (tigers).Only SAPs are comprehensive of all interventions needed to secure the future of the species. Investments in GIs (with the exception of Tigers Alive), for example, will not necessarily cover all of the species needs. Funds allocated to GIs with the intention of delivering flagship or footprint species conservation should be explicitly earmarked for this purpose and the relevant SAP leader(s) informed to maximize alignment and optimize coordination.我们不能逐一挽救每一个物种。 WWF 通过其重大行动项目，来保护旗舰物种和生态足迹物种，这些物种就像撑开的一把大伞，通过它们的有效保护，进而可以保护成千上万的其它动物和植物，使我们的保护发挥出最大的效益。我们也努力推进关键陆地和水域的物种保护，从而推动政府机构及民间团体对全球生物多样性的有力保护。物种保护可以说是整个自然保护行动的试金石， WWF 正发挥着至关重要的作用。拯救地球上的生灵是 WWF 至高无上的荣耀， WWF 一直积极投入物种保护，并取得了重大成效。由于旗舰物种的分布区域很广，而且没有得到保护的栖息地面积依然很大，在未来几十年，旗舰物种的保护必须要集中于保护和管理整体景观区域的种群之上。对海洋旗舰物种来说，要着眼于整个海洋景观区域的保护。这些广大且利用方式多样的景观区域，必须相互构成一个保护网络，要覆盖一些典型和代表性物种的栖息地。保护网络的核心区域周围地区需要一定的缓冲区域，并与生态走廊带相互连通，促进物种种群之间的相互迁移和基因交流。缓冲区域和走廊带虽然并不一定非得是旗舰物种的栖息地，但这些区域的土地利用与开发必须是可持续的，与物种保护的需求是相一致的，而且，部分区域应该还以社区为基础加以管理，当地居民和社区能够从野生动物及其栖息地保护中直接得以受益。We cannot save all species one by one. WWFs selection of flagship and footprint species for targeted action is the umbrella for the protection of thousands of plants and animals magnification of conservation impact at its best. Conservation efforts for charismatic terrestrial and aquatic species strengthen government institutions and civil society organizations for the effective protection of global biodiversity. In many ways, species conservation is the litmus test for the conservation movement as a whole and for WWF as an important actor on that stage. Saving these ambassadors of the living planet is paramount to maintain the global credibility of WWF and the positive momentum on species conservation achieved to date.Given the size of the flagship species range and the often large amount of unprotected habitat within this, over the coming decades flagship species conservation must be oriented towards conserving and managing populations across broader “landscapes” and, for marine species, “seascapes”. Such large, multi-use landscapes should include a network of protected areas covering a representative sample of the species habitat types. These core areas need to be surrounded by buffer zones and linked by corridors that allow migration and gene flow between populations. These buffers zones and corridors will not necessarily be pristine habitat but at least their land use should be sustainable and compatible with the target species needs. Some parts should be community managed so that local people benefit directly in some way from the habitat and its wildlife.野生生物多样而美丽，它们是自然生态系统不可或缺的组成部分，因此，它们都需要保护，代代相传。Wild fauna and flora in their many beautiful and varied forms are an irreplaceable part of the natural systems of the earth which must be protected for this and the generations to come.WWF 全球物种项目 2020 战略WWF 全球物种项目 2020 战略 2WWF 全球物种项目 2020 战略 54 WWF 全球物种项目 2020 战略为了确保实现 WWF 生物多样性物种保护目标到 2020 年，在生态、经济和文化方面具有重要意义物种的野外种群得以有效保护和恢复，我们必须确保所确定的旗舰物种和生态足迹物种保护方面的持续投入。尽管 WWF 过去，乃至将来，在物种保护方面已经取得一定的成果，但我们并没有真正消除物种所面临的威胁。在可预见的将来，这些关键物种依然是我们工作的重中之重，需要我们更加努力加以保护，阻止其种群数量的进一步下降。我们作为这些物种的监护人，必须持续加强自身的能力建设，弥补不足，必须将当地社区作为我们长期的合作伙伴，必须加强项目保护成果的监测和评估，广泛利用最新科研成果，我们必须有效利用战略机遇，应对所面临的前所未有的众多挑战。我们无法单独完成所确定的这一宏伟目标， WWF 必须与政府、企业、当地社区和其他各个机构共同合作，充分连通关键物种的栖息地，加强执法，降低人与野生生物冲突，减少人类对野生生物的过度需求，从而确保保护效果在生态及景观尺度上发挥出重大影响。 WWF 保护成果的实现依赖于“物种保护行动计划”、“生态足迹物种保护战略”、也包括其他各个项目，如“生态流域项目”、“TRAFFIC项目”、“全球重大项目”、“专题性保护项目”和“生态足迹与政策项目”等等。同时， WWF 物种保护To ensure that “by 2020, populations of the most ecologically, economically and culturally important species are restored and thriving in the wild”, WWFs investment in the conservation of our flagship and footprint species must be a long-term commitment. While we have had, and will continue to have, many successes to celebrate, it is unlikely that the underlying threats to our priority species will ever disappear. These species are “conservation dependent” in that they will, for the foreseeable future, need significant conservation action to prevent their decline. As their custodians, we must continue to help fill those capacity gaps that will always exist. We must be seen by communities as their long-term partners. We must remain vigilant in monitoring results and keep abreast of emerging science. We must be ready both to take advantage of emerging opportunities and to take on ever-emerging challenges.We cannot deliver our ambitious goals alone. In order to multiply our impact to an ecological scale that matters, we must work with governments, business, local communities and other organizations to help protect and connect sufficient habitat, protect species, put in place strong enforcement measures, and reduce human conflict and demand. The delivery vehicles for this are dedicated species action plans (SAPs) and footprint species strategies, as well as other programmes including ecoregional action plans, TRAFFIC, Global Initiatives (GIs), thematic (marine, freshwater, forest) and various footprint and policy programmes. Conversely, our species conservation work facilitates the delivery of other priority programmes of the Global Programme Framework (GPF) by providing a face, communications and marketing power, technical expertise and synergetic results. Efforts are under way to harmonize species objectives with other GPF programmes, in order to maximize efficiencies and optimize synergies.WWF 全球物种项目 2020 战略我们所采取的策略将有助于确保优先保护旗舰物种方面的资金长期与持续投入。这些策略主要包括开发更为直接的筹款渠道，将物种保护的筹款更多使用在物种保护本身，推动政府援助机构的资金支持，制定可持续的资金筹措机制，如信托基金、野生生物可持续利用合理权益与利益及资金的政府分担机制等。物种保护需要稳定持续的资金支持，强大的领导力，以及有效推广我们保护成果的机制。我们正在为“ WWF 全球物种保护 2020 战略”着手制定未来多年的资金筹措机制，支持各级办公室保质保量地完成我们的工作。“ WWF 全球物种部”负责协调各个国家办公室和项目办公室之间的交流，全面推动“ WWF 全球物种项目 2020 战略”的整体进行。“ WWF 全球物种项目 2020 战略”强化宣传和品牌意识，加强与决策者之间的知识交流、政治意愿和具体行动，促进我们的政策倡导和项目成果。 WWF 同时也要开展重大宣传活动，如 FY13-14 财年开展的“全球野生生物贸易大型宣传活动”，消除和改变 WWF 在保护工作中所遇到的众多阻力。These and other synergies should help to ensure that flagship species conservation priorities are funded adequately, and in some cases even permanently. Strategies to achieve this include more direct fundraising, investment of a larger proportion of funds raised on species in species work, mobilizing funding through government aid agency (GAA) approaches, developing sustainable financing mechanisms such as trust funds, equitable rights and benefit-sharing from sustainable wildlife use, and negotiating cost-sharing mechanisms with governments.Species conservation should have stable funding, leadership and a lean and agile conservation delivery vehicle. We are moving toward multi-year, basket funding for SAP leadership and a broader base of support offices to step up the stability and quality of our conservation delivery. The Species Unit facilitates the dialogue with support and implementation offices to maximize the breadth of input into the operation and programmatic contents of the SAPs, a process which will be greatly helped by the reactivation of the Species Working Groupmunications and brand awareness support our advocacy and programmatic efforts by sharing knowledge, increasing political will and reinforcing positive action among decision makers. Campaigns are used to change the game in ways that unblock persistent obstacles to the progress of WWFs programmatic conservation work, as illustrated by the newly launched Wildlife Trade Campaign that runs through FY13-14.我们将整合所有野外项目，包括政策、市场为基础的全球重大计划、公众意识提升、全球重大宣传活动，寻求各方之间的合作。我们承诺加强和支持当地原住居民需求，保护他们赖以生存的自然资源We integrate our work across field programmes, policy, markets-based initiatives, awareness-raising, and global campaigns, seeking synergy across all these efforts. And we are committed to strengthening and supporting the efforts of local and indigenous communities in caring for their own resources 工作也将有助于其全球项目框架下的其他项目，通过宣传、市场、技术等力量，支持其他项目取得预期成果。可以说，“WWF 全球物种项目”在其全球项目框架下，与各个项目相辅相成，相互促进，发挥各自优势。WWF 全球物种项目 2020 战略 76 WWF 全球物种项目 2020 战略Goals and Strategies目标与策略Scope区域1）全球范围的物种保护 ;2）为物种保护创造有利环境； 3）以物种保护为手段促进全球生物多样性保护。This strategy describes why and how WWF will:"WWF 全球物种项目 2020 战略"阐明了 WWF 为何及怎样开展工作： Work around the world to conserve species; Create an enabling environment for species conservation delivery; Apply species conservation as one of a range of tools to enable the conservation of the worlds biodiversity."WWF全球物种项目2020 战略" 愿景：物种所蕴含的美学、经济和生态价值，能够得以全面的认识和尊重，确保环境退化和不可持续利用不再威胁到野生生物的生存和它们的主要栖息地。Vision: A world in which the intrinsic, aesthetic, economic and ecological values of species are recognized and respected worldwide; and as a result, environmental degradation and unsustainable use no longer threaten the survival of wild plants and animals and their critical habitats.2 KLENIN & HUBERT/WWFWWF 全球物种项目 2020 战略WWF 全球物种项目 2020 战略 98 WWF 全球物种项目 2020 战略Goals and strategies : a sharp, ambitiousand comprehensive programme目标与策略: 锐利而又雄心勃勃的综合性计划Metagoal: 长期目标： By 2050, the integrity of the most outstanding natural places is conserved, contributing to a more secure and sustainable future for all.到 2050 年，全球重要生态区域的连通性得到有效加强，从而有助于整体生态系统的健康安全和可持续发展。 旗舰物种：到2020年，所有“物种保护行动计划”均得以成功实施，确保实现各自所确定的 2020 年目标与任务， WWF 所确定 13 个旗舰物种和类群的健康与安全及长期生存取得明显进展(附录3，4)。 生态足迹物种：到 2020 年， WWF 所确定的 23 个生态足迹物种和类群的过度利用与消费显著减少（附录 5）。 网络整合：到2015年，“ WWF 全球物种部”能够提供高效的领导、协调与管理，充分调动各方资源，推动全球政策倡导，扩大宣传影响，协助机构内部环境及文化，帮助有
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