海洋财富图册（英文版）.pdf

Ocean W ealth Atlas of MARK SPALDING, ROBERT D. BRUMBAUGH AND EMILY LANDISthat is as old as the oceans themselves, W e are telling a story but we are re-telling it from a new vantage point Ocean W ealththat is as old as the oceans themselves, Ocean W ealth Mission The mission of The Nature Conservancy is to conserve the lands and waters on which all life depends. Vision The Nature Conservancy envisions a world where the diversity of life thrives, and people act to conserve nature for its own sake and its ability to fulfill our needs and enrich our lives. Values Integrity beyond reproach Respect for people, communities and cultures Commitment to diversity One Conservancy Tangible, lasting results Published June 2016 The Nature Conservancy 4245 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 100 Arlington, VA 22203-1606 Phone: 703-841-5300 Website: nature Suggested Citation Spalding, MD; Brumbaugh RD; and Landis, E (2016). Atlas of Ocean Wealth. The Nature Conservancy. Arlington, VA. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of The Nature Conservancy or the authors of this report concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The global administrative boundaries used in the atlas maps are from the GADM database of administrative areas, available here: / gadm/ aboutInformed by science, communications and policy work, Mapping Ocean Wealth illustrates all that the ocean does for us today, so that we make smarter decisions for the ocean of tomorrow.The Nature Conservancy would like to recognize the contribution of the following organizations. The Mapping Ocean Wealth initiative along with the Atlas of Ocean Wealth was made possible by the generosity of the following institutions and individuals. We would particularly like to thank The World Bank Group and Lyda Hill Foundation for early support to conceptualize and launch the Mapping Ocean Wealth Initiative, as well as Diane Van Wyck, Carnival Foundation and Microsoft for ongoing support.Contributing Authors .iii Acknowledgments .iv Foreword .vii Lyda Hill and Maria Damanaki Executive Summary .ix Introduction .xiv Part 1: A Host of Services .1 Making Fish .2 Breaking Waves .24 Cleaning Up .36 Storing Carbon .40 The Value of Visitors .46 The Value of Just Being There .56 Part 2: Changing the Way We See Nature .63 Bringing Natural Values to Bear .64 Adding Up the Benefits .66 Managing and Protecting Services .70 Paying What is Owed .84 A Future Vision .90 Sources and Technical Notes .92 T able of Contents Table of Contents iContributing Authors Foreword Lyda Hill (Lyda Hill Foundation) Maria Damanaki (The Nature Conservancy) Making Fish Philine zu Ermgassen (University of Cambridge), Jonathan Grabowski (Northeastern University), Alistair Harborne (University of Queensland), Alison Green (The Nature Conservancy), Andrew F. Johnson (Scripps Institution of Oceanography), Marcia Moreno-Bez (Centro de Biodiversidad Marina y Conservacin), Andrs Cisneros Montemayor (The University of British Columbia), Alvin Surez (Scripps Institution of Oceanography), Octavio Aburto-Oropeza (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) Breaking Waves Michael W. Beck (The Nature Conservancy), Iigo Losada (IH Cantabria), Borja Reguero (The Nature Conservancy), Pelayo Menendez (IH Cantabria), Lauretta Burke (World Resources Institute) Cleaning Up Boze Hancock (The Nature Conservancy) and Philine zu Ermgassen (University of Cambridge) Storing Carbon Leah Glass (Blue Ventures) The Value of Visitors Lauretta Burke (World Resources Institute), Cara Daneel (University of Cambridge), Mariana Walther Mendoza (The Nature Conservancy), Glaudy Perdanahardja (The Nature Conservancy) Bringing Natural Values to Bear Pawan Patil (World Bank Group) Adding Up the Benefits Linwood Pendleton (Duke University), Evangalia Drakou (University of West Brittany) Managing and Protecting Services Joanna Smith (TNC Canada) Enhancing Services Boze Hancock (The Nature Conservancy) Paying What is Owed Peter Wheeler (The Nature Conservancy) Contributing Authors iiiThe Mapping Ocean Wealth team is a global partnership of ecosystem services specialists composed of many organizations and individuals that provided advice, support and contributions to this Atlas of Ocean Wealth. Atlas Production Map preparation: Rick Tingey (Spatial Support Systems, LLC), Zach Ferdaa (The Nature Conservancy), Laura Flessner (The Nature Conservancy), Book design: Paul Gormont (Apertures Inc.) Copy-editor: Andrew Myers Coordination, planning, design: Caroline Spruill (The Nature Conservancy) Mapping Ocean Wealths Advisory Team: Lauretta Burke (WRI), Marea Hatziolos, Elaine Heldewier (Carnival Corporations a new kind of ocean knowledge that shows us not just how these benefits are produced, but also where. Developing this new knowledge alone is not sufficient. It must be made widely available, adopted, and applied to shape future investments in economic development. Doing so will help lift people out of poverty, in ways that sustain, rather than diminish, the oceans ability to produce benefits for people and nature. Mapping Ocean Wealth is an initiative born from this commitment to clarify the role of ocean habitats in supporting human well-being, using new approaches and new thinking by scientists from leading organizations around the world. This effort is about more than just developing innovative science. It is about ensuring that this science is harnessed, focused, and applied to support the important work of ocean stewards, business leaders, investors, and communities around the world. The World Bank, Carnival Corporation & PLC, and the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), among other Foreword Lyda Hill, Chairman LH Holdings, Inc. & Lyda Hill Foundation Maria Damanaki, Managing Director for Oceans The Nature Conservancy early adopters, are providing pathways to integrate this knowledge into economic development funding, private-sector investment, and informed management to protect oceans globally. We have taken the important first steps with the Mapping Ocean Wealth initiative and already have a new understanding of oceans, along with new insights, about where to focus our attention going forward. This Atlas of Ocean Wealth provides a glimpse at this new knowledgeand new ways of applying itthat will help secure oceans wealth and our collective future. Foreword vii vii