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1Insurance 2030 The impact of AI on the future of insuranceThe industry is on the verge of a seismic, tech-driven shift. A focus on four areas can position carriers to embrace this change.Insurance Practice May 2018Ramnath Balasubramanian, Ari Libarikian, and Doug McElhaney2Welcome to the future of insurance, as seen through the eyes of Scott, a customer in the year 2030. His digital personal assistant orders him an autonomous vehicle for a meeting across town. Upon hopping into the arriving car, Scott decides he wants to drive today and moves the car into “active” mode. Scotts personal assistant maps out a potential route and shares it with his mobility insurer, which immediately responds with an alternate route that has a much lower likelihood of accidents and auto damage as well as the calculated adjustment to his monthly premium. Scotts assistant notifies him that his mobility insurance premium will increase by 4 to 8 percent based on the route he selects and the volume and distribution of other cars on the road. It also alerts him that his life insurance policy, which is now priced on a “pay-as-you-live” basis, will increase by 2 percent for this quarter. The additional amounts are automatically debited from his bank account.When Scott pulls into his destinations parking lot, his car bumps into one of several parking signs. As soon as the car stops moving, its internal diagnostics determine the extent of the damage. His personal assistant instructs him to take three pictures of the front right bumper area and two of the surroundings. By the time Scott gets back to the drivers seat, the screen on the dash informs him of the damage, confirms the claim has been approved, and that a mobile response drone has been dispatched to the lot for inspection. If the vehicle is drivable, it may be directed to the nearest in-network garage for repair after a replacement vehicle arrives.While this scenario may seem beyond the horizon, such integrated user stories will emerge across all lines of insurance with increasing frequency over the next decade. In fact, all the technologies required above already exist, and many are available to consumers. With the new wave of deep learning techniques, such as convolutional neural networks,1artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to live up to its promise of mimicking the perception, reasoning, learning, and problem solving of the human mind (Exhibit 1). In this evolution, insurance will shift from its current state of “detect and repair” to “predict and prevent,” transforming every aspect of the industry in the process. The pace of change will also accelerate as brokers, consumers, financial intermediaries, insurers, and suppliers become more adept at using advanced technologies to enhance decision making and productivity, lower costs, and optimize the customer experience.As AI becomes more deeply integrated in the industry, carriers must position themselves to respond to the changing business landscape. Insurance executives must understand the factors that will contribute to this change and how AI will reshape claims, distribution, and underwriting and pricing. With this understanding, they can start to build the skills and talent, embrace the emerging technologies, and create the culture and perspective needed to be successful players in the insurance industry of the future.Four AI-related trends shaping insuranceAIs underlying technologies are already being deployed in our businesses, homes, and vehicles, as well as on our person. Four core technology trends, tightly coupled with (and sometimes enabled by) AI, will reshape the insurance industry over the next decade.3Explosion of data from connected devices In industrial settings, equipment with sensors have been omnipresent for some time, but the coming years will see a huge increase in the number of connected consumer devices. The penetration of existing devices (such as cars, fitness trackers, home assistants, smartphones, and smart watches) will continue to increase rapidly, joined by new, growing categories such as clothing, eyewear, home appliances, medical devices, and shoes. The resulting avalanche of new data created by these devices will allow carriers to understand their clients more deeply, resulting in new product categories, more personalized pricing, and increasingly real-time service delivery. For example, a wearable that is connected to an actuarial database could calculate a consumers personal risk score based on daily activities as well as the probability and severity of potential events.Increased prevalence of physical robotics The field of robotics has seen many exciting achievements recently, and this innovation will continue to change how humans interact with the world around them. Additive manufacturing, also known as 3-D printing, will radically reshape manufacturing and the commercial insurance products of the future. By 2025, 3-D-printed buildings will be common, and carriers will need to assess how this development changes risk assessments. In addition, programmable, autonomous drones; self-driving cars; autonomous farming equipment; and enhanced surgical robots will all be commercially viable in the next decade. By 2030, the proportion of autonomous vehicles on the road could exceed 25 percent, having grown from 10 percent just four years earlier.2Carriers will Exhibit 1 Artificial intelligence can deliver on industry expectations through machine learning and deep learning.McKinsey InsuranceAI InsuranceExhibit 1 of 21950s 1960sArtificial intelligenceThe science and engineering of making intelligent machinesMachine learningA major approach to realize artificial intelligenceDeep learningA branch of machine learningArtificial intelligence (AI) Intelligence exhibited by machines, whereby machines mimic cognitive functions associated with human minds; cognitive functions include all aspects of learning, perceiving, problem solving, and reasoning.Machine learning (ML) Major approach to realizing AI by learning from, and making data-driven predictions based on, data and learned experiences. ML comprises several categories including reinforcement learning, supervised learning, and unsupervised learning.Deep learning (DL) Branch of ML where algorithms attempt to model high-level abstractions in data. DL connects artificial, software-based calculators that approximate the function of brain neurons. Neural networks, formed by these calculators, receive, analyze, and determine inputs and are informed if determination is correct.1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010sSource: Nvidia; Science in the News, Rockwell Anyoha, “The history of artificial intelligence,” August 28, 2017, sitn.hms.harvard.edu4need to understand how the increasing presence of robotics in everyday life and across industries will shift risk pools, change customer expectations, and enable new products and channels.Open source and data ecosystems As data becomes ubiquitous, open source protocols will emerge to ensure data can be shared and used across industries. Various public and private entities will come together to create ecosystems in order to share data for multiple use cases under a common regulatory and cybersecurity framework. For example, wearable data could be ported directly to insurance carriers, and connected-home and auto data could be made available through Amazon, Apple, Google, and a variety of consumer-device manufacturers.Advances in cognitive technologies Convolutional neural networks and other deep learning technologies currently used primarily for image, voice, and unstructured text processing will evolve to be applied in a wide variety of applications. These cognitive technologies, which are loosely based on the human brains ability to learn through decomposition and inference, will become the standard approach for processing the incredibly large and complex data streams that will be generated by “active” insurance products tied to an individuals behavior and activities. With the increased commercialization of these types of technologies, carriers will have access to models that are constantly learning and adapting to the world around themenabling new product categories and engagement techniques while responding to shifts in underlying risks or behaviors in real time.The state of insurance in 2030AI and its related technologies will have a seismic impact on all aspects of the insurance industry, from distribution to underwriting and pricing to claims. Advanced technologies and data are already affecting distribution and underwriting, with policies being priced, purchased, and bound in near real time. An in-depth examination at what insurance may look like in 2030 highlights dramatic changes across the insurance value chain.DistributionThe experience of purchasing insurance is faster, with less active involvement on the part of the insurer and the customer. Enough information is known about individual behavior, with AI algorithms creating risk profiles, so that cycle times for completing the purchase of an auto, commercial, or life policy will be reduced to minutes or even seconds. Auto and home carriers Experts estimate there will be up to one trillion connected devices by 2025.35have enabled instant quotes for some time but will continue to refine their ability to issue policies immediately to a wider range of customers as telematics and in-home Internet of Things (IoT) devices proliferate and pricing algorithms mature. Many life carriers are experimenting with simplified issue products, but most are restricted to only the healthiest applicants and are priced higher than a comparable fully underwritten product. As AI permeates life underwriting and carriers are able to identify risk in a much more granular and sophisticated way, we will see a new wave of mass-market instant issue products.Smart contracts enabled by blockchain instantaneously authorize payments from a customers financial account. Meanwhile, contract processing and payment verification are eliminated or streamlined, reducing customer acquisition costs for insurers. The purchase of commercial insurance is similarly expedited as the combination of drones, IoT, and other available data provides sufficient information for AI-based cognitive models to proactively generate a bindable quote.Highly dynamic, usage-based insurance (UBI) products proliferate and are tailored to the behavior of individual consumers. Insurance transitions from a “purchase and annual renewal” model to a continuous cycle, as product offerings constantly adapt to an individuals behavioral patterns. Furthermore, products are disaggregated substantially into microcoverage elements (for example, phone battery insurance, flight delay insurance, different coverage for a washer and dryer within the home) that consumers can customize to their particular needs, with the ability to instantaneously compare prices from various carriers for their individualized baskets of insurance products. New products emerge to cover the shifting nature of living arrangements and travel. UBI becomes the norm as physical assets are shared across multiple parties, with a pay-by-mile or pay-by-ride model for car sharing and pay-by-stay insurance for home-sharing services, such as Airbnb.4The role of insurance agents has changed dramatically by 2030. The number of agents is reduced substantially as active agents retire and remaining agents rely heavily on technology to increase productivity. The role of agents transitions to process facilitators and product educators. The agent of the future can sell nearly all types of coverage and adds value by helping clients manage their portfolios of coverage across experiences, health, life, mobility, personal property, and residential. Agents use smart personal assistants to optimize their tasks as well as AI-enabled bots to find potential deals for clients. These tools help agents to support a substantially larger client base while making customer interactions (a mix of in-person, virtual, and digital) shorter and more meaningful, given that each interaction will be tailored to the exact current and future needs of each individual client. Underwriting and pricingIn 2030, manual underwriting ceases to exist for most personal and small-business products across life and property and casualty insurance. The process of underwriting is reduced to a few seconds as the majority of underwriting is automated and supported by a combination of machine and deep learning models built within the technology stack. These models are 6powered by internal data as well as a broad set of external data accessed through application programming interfaces and outside data and analytics providers. Information collected from devices provided by mainline carriers, reinsurers, product manufacturers, and product distributors is aggregated in a variety of data repositories and data streams. These information sources enable insurers to make ex ante decisions regarding underwriting and pricing, enabling proactive outreach with a bindable quote for a product bundle tailored to the buyers risk profile and coverage needs.Regulators review AI-enabled, machine learningbased models, a task that requires a transparent method for determining traceability of a score (similar to the rating factor derivations used today with regression-based coefficients). To verify that data usage is appropriate for marketing and underwriting, regulators assess a combination of model inputs. They also develop test policies for providers when determining rates in online plans to ensure the algorithm results are within approved bounds. Public policy considerations limit access to certain sensitive and predictive data (such as health and genetic information) that would decrease underwriting and pricing flexibility and increase antiselection risk in some segments.Price remains central in consumer decision making, but carriers innovate to diminish competition purely on price. Sophisticated proprietary platforms connect customers and insurers and offer customers differentiated experiences, features, and value. In some segments, price competition intensifies, and razor-thin margins are the norm, while in other segments, unique insurance offerings enable margin expansion and differentiation. In jurisdictions where change is embraced, the pace of pricing innovation is rapid. Pricing is available in real time based on usage and a dynamic, data-rich assessment of risk, empowering consumers to make decisions about how their actions influence coverage, insurability, and pricing.ClaimsClaims processing in 2030 remains a primary function of carriers, but head count associated with claims is reduced by 70 to 90 percent compared with 2018 levels.5Advanced algorithms handle initial claims routing, increasing efficiency and accuracy. Claims for personal lines and small-business insurance are largely automated, en
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