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Fuel Cells and Hydrogen for Green Energy in European Cities and Regions A Study for the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking FCHJU, Roland Berger 2 Sponsor of the study The Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH 2 JU) Author of the study Roland Berger Coalition of the study 175 stakeholders Regions and cities Aberdeen (Aberdeen City Council); Agia Paraskevi; Akershus; Alimos (Municipality of Alimos); Aragon (Gobierno de Aragon); Assen; Auvergne-Rhne-Alpes; Barcelona (Barcelona Energy Agency); Birmingham; Bourgogne- Franche-Comt; Bremerhaven (H2BX); Bulgarian Ports; Cantabria (Direccin General de Innovacin, Desarrollo Tecnolgico y Emprendimiento Industrial); Castilla-La Mancha; Centre-Val de Loire (Charg de Mission Recherche et Technologie, Direction de lEnseignement Suprieur, de la Recherche et du Transfer de Technologie, Conseil rgional du Centre-Val de Loire); Constana (Ovidius University from Constanta, Institute for Nanotechnologies Cornwall (Cornwall Council); District of Steinfurt (Amt fr Klimaschutz und Nachhaltigkeit); Dundee (Dundee City Council); East Germany HYPOS (Hydrogen Power Emmen; Favignana (Favignana City Hall); Fife Region; Flanders (Waterstofnet); Gavleborg (Regional Office - Region Gavleborg); Grand Dole; Grenoble (Grenoble-Alpes-Mtropole); Groningen (Gemeente Groningen); Guldborgsund (Guldborgsund Kommune); Hamburg (hySOLUTIONS); Heide Region; Helmond; Heraklion; Hydrogen Region Rhineland (HyCologne); Ieratpetra (City of Ierapetra); Kalymnos; Kokkola (City of Kokkola); Kozani (City of Kozani); La Roche-sur-Yon Agglomration; Lazio (Regione Lazio); Leeds; Lolland; London (Greater London Authority); Manchester (Manchester Metropolitan University); Mariestad (Utvecklingsstrateg Mdio Tejo e Pinhal Interior Sul; Milos (Municipality of Milos); Mre og Romsdal (Region of Mre og Romsdal); Murcia Region (Oficina de Impulso Socioeconmico del Medio Ambiente); Newcastle (Newcastle City Council); Normandie (Service Transition Energtique Caen); North Rhine Westphalia (Ministerium fr Wirtschaft, Innovation, Digitalisierung und Energie des Landes Nordrhein- Westfalen); Occitanie-Pyrnes (TRIFYL); Oppland County Municipality; Orkney Islands (Orkney Islands Council); Orlans Mtropole (Loire et Orleans Eco); Oxfordshire (Oxfordshire County Council); Papagou-Holargos (Municipality of Papagou-Holargos); Pays de la Loire; Pays de St Gilles; Perth and Kinross; POM West-Vlaanderen; Provincie Drenthe; Puertollano (Centro Nacional del Hidrgeno, City of Puertollano); Recklinghausen/Northern Ruhr area (H2-netzwerk- ruhr); Region of Crete (Crete regional office in Brussels); Reykjavik (City of Reykjavik); Riga; Saxony-Anhalt; Sofia; Sogn og Fjordane (Maritim Forening); South Tyrol (IIT Institute for Innovative Technologies Bozen); Split (City of Split); Split- Dalmatia County; State of Baden-Wrttemberg FCHJU, Roland Berger 3 (State Agency for Electric Mobility Swindon and Wiltshire (Swindon and Wiltshire Local Enterprise Partnership); Tallinn; Tirol; Tees Valley (Tees Valley Combined Authority); Torres Vedras; Toscana; Trutnov (City of Trutnov, Veden msta); Turin (Servizio Politiche per lAmbiente); Port of Valencia (Valenciaport Foundation for Research, Promotion and Commercial Studies of the Valencian region); Valladolid (Fundacin CIDAUT); Velenje (Municipality of Velenje); Venice; Vrilissia (Municipality of Vrilissia); Western Macedonia (Regional Development Agency Of West Macedonia) Industry ABB Marine Ad Venta; AFC Energy; Air Liquide Advanced Business Alstom; Amio Ingenieros; AREVA Energy Storage; ARIEMA Energy and Environment; Asahi Kasei Europe; Atawey; Auriga Energy; Ballard Power Systems; BMW Group; BOC; Bosch; Calvera; cEnergy; Ceres Power; Convion; Daimler AG; DCNS; Elcore; ElringKlinger; EMCEL; EPS Elvi Energy; Faun Umwelttechnik; FCP Fuel Cell Powertrain; Ferguson Marine; Fronius International; Galp; Genport; H2B2 Electrolysis Technologies; Helbio; Holthausen; Honda; Hydrogen de France; HydrogenHub; Hydrogenics; HyET; HyMove; Hyseas Energy; Hzwo; IDiCal - Calvo Construcciones y Montajes; IHT Industrie Haute Technologie; Intelligent Energy; iPower Energy; ITM Power; Logan Energy; Maritim Forening Sogn og Fjordane; Michelin; Nedstack Fuel Cell Technology; Nel Hydrogen; Nimbus Boats Sweden; Norsk H2; Persee; PitPoint; Plug Power; Powidian; Proton Motor Fuel Cell; S.A. CMI; Safra; Saga-Fjordbase; Sebastian Wider - Engineering Services; Seiya Consulting; SOLIDpower; Statoil; Storengy; sunfire; Swiss Hydrogen; Symbio Fcell; The Linde Group; Toyota; Uniper; VDL Bus Viessmann; WrightbusOther organisations Environment Park; EU Commission - Joint Research Centre, Institute of Energy and Transport; Fraunhofer; Hydrogen Europe; HyER; Research Centre CEA; Research Center Rez; Scottish Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Association; Sir Joseph Swan Centre for Energy Research; STRING Network; University of Split FCHJU, Roland Berger 4 Disclaimer The information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the FCH 2 JU. The FCH 2 JU does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this study. Neither the FCH 2 JU nor any person acting on the FCH 2 JUs behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. Legal notice: Roland Berger GmbH Sederanger 1 80538 Munich Germany Contact: Yvonne Ruf (yvonne.rufrolandberger) Authors: Yvonne Ruf, Simon Lange, Johannes Pfister, Claudia Droege Date of publication: September 2018 Photo credits: Cover: Tramino/iStock, querbeet/iStock, Petmal/iStock, AdrianHancu/iStock, choness/iStock, Tramino/iStock Photos (page 19): paulbranding/iStock, Tramino/iStock, Ihor_Tailwind/iStock, s-cphoto/iStock, jeremyiswild/iStock FCHJU, Roland Berger 5 Table of contents Abstract . 8 Executive summary . 8 1. Introduction Fuel cells and hydrogen for green energy in European cities and regions . 11 2. Hydrogen and fuel cell applications Potential and current status . 14 2.1 The role of hydrogen and fuel cells in the future green energy system . 14 2.2 The benefits of hydrogen and fuel cells for European cities and regions . 16 2.3 FCH applications Technological readiness, economic and environmental performance, deployment potential for regions and cities . 20 3. Towards a European FCH roadmap The FCH deployment plans and ambitions of European cities and regions . 26 3.1 Drivers of investment in hydrogen and fuel cells for regions and cities . 26 3.2 The FCH deployment plans and ambitions of the regions and cities . 29 3.3 Associated market potential for the FCH sector . 47 3.4 Achieving scale Implementing “H2 Valleys“ as the next development stage for the FCH sector . 59 4. The way forward to realise a European FCH roadmap towards commercialisation of the technology . 67 4.1 Demand-side market development initiatives (by the FCH JU / EC) . 67 4.2 Supply-side technology development initiatives to ensure product availability (by the FCH industry and Hydrogen Europe) . 73 4.3 Conducive framework conditions at an overarching level (by the EC / national governments as well as regions and cities) . 75 REFERENCES . 80 FCHJU, Roland Berger 6 Table of figures Figure 1: Overview of participating regions and cities as of May 2018 . 12 Figure 2: The roles of hydrogen in the future green energy system . 15 Figure 3: Local benefits of hydrogen and fuel cells for regions and cities . 16 Figure 4: Economic effects of green technology developments (selected examples) . 18 Figure 5: FCH activities and investments in the H2 Region Emscher-Lippe . 18 Figure 6: Experience gained and development achievements for selected FCH applications (examples) . 20 Figure 7: FCH application clusters within the project scope . 20 Figure 8: Assessment of application maturity based on key evaluation criteria . 21 Figure 9: Main findings of FCH bus assessment . 22 Figure 10: Main findings of FCH car assessment . 23 Figure 11: Main findings of FC mCHP assessment . 24 Figure 12: Levels of ambition to reduce local emissions among participants (1 stself-assessment, June 2017) . 27 Figure 13: Selected emission reduction goals of participating regions and cities . 27 Figure 14: FCH applications as part of the local political agenda (1 stself-assessment, June 2017) . 28 Figure 15: Main reasons why regions and cities pursue investments in the FCH sector (1 stself-assessment, June 2017) . 28 Figure 16: Levels of experience in deploying FCH applications among participating regions and cities (1 stself-assessment, June 2017) . 29 Figure 17: Status of forthcoming implementation projects . 33 Figure 18: Likelihood of project implementation indicated by regions and cities . 34 Figure 19: Main hurdles and challenges to FCH deployments . 35 Figure 20: Envisaged project funding in each category and share of total investment volume . 37 Figure 21: Different approaches to financing innovative technology projects . 38 Figure 22: Ways to realise synergies across different public funding programmes . 38 Figure 23: Envisaged total and average investment volumes per group and number of projects . 48 Figure 24: Envisaged investment volumes according to likelihood of project implementation . 48 Figure 25: Geographical overview of envisaged FCH investments . 49 Figure 26: Aggregate deployment plans for the FCH applications of participating regions (n=46) . 50 Figure 27: Aggregate deployment plans for the FCH infrastructure of participating regions (n=46) 51 Figure 28: Aggregate deployment plans for the FCH applications and infrastructure of participating regions for which the likelihood of project implementation is deemed “certain“ . 52 FCHJU, Roland Berger 7 Figure 29: Aggregate deployment plans for the FCH applications and infrastructure of participating regions for which the likelihood of project implementation is deemed “very likely“ . 53 Figure 30: Aggregate deployment plans for the FCH applications and infrastructure of participating regions for which the likelihood of project implementation is deemed “possible“ . 54 Figure 31: Aggregate deployment plans for the FCH applications and infrastructure of participating regions for which the likelihood of project implementation is deemed “uncertain“ . 55 Figure 32: Planned HRS deployments by HRS type . 56 Figure 33: Planned hydrogen production capacity installations by type and planned total, plus average electrolyser deployments by capacity. 58 Figure 34: H2 Valleys as the next development stage for the FCH sector . 59 Figure 35: Overarching objectives for setting up H2 Valleys . 60 Figure 36: Conceptual overview of an H2 Valley . 61 Figure 37: Potential H2 Valley archetypes . 62 Figure 38: Examples of deployment, investment and H2 consumption volumes in H2 Valleys . 62 Figure 39: Overview of the BIG HIT project on the Orkney Islands . 63 Figure 40: Aggregate deployment plans for regions with ambitions to establish “H2 Valleys“ . 64 FCHJU, Roland Berger 8 Abstract Fuel cells and hydrogen (FCH) technology can be a key enabler to reduce emissions and realise the green energy transition in European regions and cities. In 2017 the FCH JU launched an initiative to support regions and cities in this regard. Today, 89 regions and cities participate, representing about one quarter of Europes population, surface area and GDP. These regions are pursuing ambitious plans to deploy FCH technology in the coming years. FCH investments totalling about EUR 1.8 billion are planned for these regions in the next 5 years. Potential for further growth is considerable. These planned investments can contribute significantly to further developing the FCH market in Europe and driving the sector towards commerc
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