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Municipality-led circular economy case studiesIn partnership with the Climate-KIC Circular Cities ProjectAn urban circular economy is one in which cities keep resources in use for as long as possible, extract the maximum value from them whilst in use, then recover and regenerate products and materials at the end their life. It is a more efficient and environmentally sound alternative to the traditional linear economy in which we make, use and dispose of resources.How can cities create prosperity for growing popula-tions whilst transitioning through systemic change to low-carbon economies?How can cities achieve continued prosperity whilst preserving and reducing their demands on natural resources, like building and construction materials, food and fossil-fuels, that are fuelling conventional economic growth and global warming?Cities across the world are looking into the circular econ-omy concept, as it is being recognized as a key driver for the much wanted green transition, simultaneously enabling greater energy and material efficiency, lower pollution and GHG emissions and job creation. Cities echo that it is time to accelerate the “reduce, reuse, recycle” mantra by rethinking the approach to develop-ment. With their high densities, cities hold the potential to adopt circular, restorative economies where we no longer consider anything to be waste.The EIT Climate-KIC Orchestrated Innovation Ecosystem program is specifically looking for initiatives that promote and catalyse the sharing of circular economy innovation between cities, regions and networks on a global basis, which is the essence of the Climate-KIC Circular Cities project.The Circular Cities project has several outputs, includ-ing toolkits and the creation of tangible circular city hubs where different circular concepts can be tested, validated and implemented. This first project publication provides a unique overview of concrete circular economy initiatives from cities through 40 examples from around the world. It showcases how cities today are viably put-ting the circular economy concept into practice to realise systemic change on a district and city level, which can then be scaled-up, not only regionally, but internation-ally as well. I sincerely hope that cities around the world will be using these 40 case studies and be inspired.I therefore encourage Mayors and city practitioners, businesses and academia across the world to join this journey to zero waste cities, utilising the circular econ-omy toolkit, and other resources from this Climate-KIC project and wider networks, to unlock the cities poten-tial to create truly circular city districts through practical application.ForewordAnders Wijkman, Chairman of the Governing Board for EIT Climate-KIC November 2018Cities across Europe now unite in a project working to-wards a shared circular economy, aiming to identify best practice to follow in the fast track to circularity.In contrast to the traditional linear economy supporting short-sighted design, conspicuous consumption and the storage or attempted destruction of the resulting waste, a circular economy is all about closing the loop with a holistic and regenerative perspective on design, production, consumption and disposal. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal number 12, “Responsible Consumption and Production,” clearly addresses the need for a circular economy, and the con-cept is high on the European Unions political agenda, being the subject of the ambitious action plan “Closing the Loop” from 2015.Cities and municipalities increasingly recognize the potential of the circular economy in serving as a catalyst for both efficiency and innovation, thereby providing benefits of both an operational and strategic nature. Urban areas lend themselves particularly well to a circular economy system due to their close proximity of citizens, producers, retailers and service providers. Initial research suggests that the circular economy could lead to more jobs and entrepreneurial activity within the areas of remanufacturing, repair, logistics and services.Municipalities way of measuring success is well established within conventional areas, such as health-care, education and transport. Here, the applications of specific goals and indicators are often deeply embedded and give them prominence in operational matters. When it comes to circularity and sustainability, however, things are not as clear cut.Thus, upon identifying the crucial need to define strat-egies, goals and indicators for sustainability, four pioneering cities have now united to work on a circu-lar economy project under the leadership of the City of Malm, Sweden: Copenhagen, Denmark; Helsinki, Finland; Sofia, Bulgaria, and Utrecht, The Netherlands. Beyond strengthening the connection between these cities, the goal of the project is to be able to provide input and feedback to cities long-term strategies by highlighting how processes can be made easier, smarter, cleaner and more resource efficient. The four pioneering cities are closely followed by the cities of Swakopmund, Namibia; New Delhi, India; Lusaka, Zambia; Kristiansand and Stavanger, Norway; St. Petersburg, Russia; Maribor, Slovenia, Singapore, and C40s global network of 94 cities.The Circular Cities project therefore offers a knowledge ex-change platform for both pioneering first mover cities, and cities closely following behind, with regards to embedding circular economy principles into their urban operations.The Circular Cities project will work to identify the effects, both positive and negative, of incorporating circularity into the cities planning instruments, as well as how these can be assessed. The outcomes are meant to help policymakers, investors, businesses, consumers and civil society to find the most promising transition pathways.The formal outcome of the project will include a circu-lar economy toolkit for cities, outlining how cities can effectively incorporate circular economy into municipal planning and strengthen their capacity for systemic innovation. In this way, the municipalities, universities and utility companies engaged in the project will act as inspiration for others and form the basis for possible ad-justments to local and national government regulations.Climate-KICs Circular Cities ProjectFast-tracking zero-waste city systems6This publication is the first in a series for this Climate-KIC Circular Cities project and provides over 40 thorough examples of practical circular economic initiatives from cities around the world, for inspiration and replications by other cities.C40 Cities managed and delivered this publication, which showcases how circular economy initiatives are implemented within the urban environment. This reports highlights the growing number of cities tak-ing action. It provides examples of many different and novel approaches that municipalities are beginning to take to move to a more circular economy. Notably, cities are taking the new approach of facilitating innovation, such as initiating living laboratories to test new con-cepts in regeneration districts and renting rather than purchasing goods through public procurement to uncover operational savings and promote new business models by contractors. Comprehensive and cross-departmental ap-proaches are creating ecosystems of change, increasing the potential to endure across political cycles, such as through encouraging citizens and large corporates to join the movement, alongside entrepreneurs to become early adopters.An increasing number of municipalities have an am-bitious vision and strategy to become minimal or zero waste cities in the near future. These visions are utilized to help shape and direct to more specific plans and poli-cies, both at a city as well as district level. A well-written and defined vision makes it clear to all departments of the administration what they need to keep in mind when putting their development strategies into practice on a daily basis.Municipalities usually quantify their success through the application of specific goals and indicators, generally designed and selected to match their overall strategies. For strategies within conventional municipal fields i.e. education, health, and transport goals and indicators are well engrained into the municipal psyche. Something which grants them de facto prominence in operational matters. For strategies concerning the relatively new fields of sustainability and the circular economy, goals and indicators are less defined.The critical questions for cities are: what needs to be done on a municipality level to turn theory into prac-tice, and what hurdles need to be overcome? How can city municipality engage business and civil society to contribute to the transition? Which areas within the city should be focused on to begin the transition towards a circular economy? What are the key benefits of incorpo-rating circular economy principles? In order to become a circular economy, it is vital to identify and initiate change in areas where there is strong political and economic rationale. This publication identifies such areas.The circular economy is a strategy that can be applied to help municipalities achieve their overall vision and top-level goals regarding the citys economy, environ-ment, and quality of life for citizens. Furthermore, due to its sustainable nature, the circular economy principles Mapping municipality-led, circular economy case studiescan provide a citys strategic overview with a greater element of long-termism and an opportunity to collabo-ratively form and implement solutions with citizens, for the future of the city. In its essence, the circular econo-my is about how things can be made smarter, cheaper and more resource efficient. It can create savings, new income streams, jobs and social cohesion.In this publication, C40 Cities have mapped out areas under municipalities jurisdiction, where there is signifi-cant potential to embed circular economy principles into systems and value chains in the urban environment. The case studies are themed in the following catego-ries: city-level strategies, urban refurbishment, public procurement, utilities and civic waste. Through this presentation of successful case studies as well as providing the context for these successes we antici-pate that further opportunities can be identified in urban areas.Over 130 city-led circular economy initiatives were identified through online research, Climate-KICs project partners and C40s network and resources. A warm thanks to all individuals from the city municipalities, C40 and other project advisors who contributed to the detailed case studies selected for this catalogue.EIT Climate-KIC is a European knowledge and innovation community, working to acceler-ate the transition to a zero-carbon economy. Supported by the European Institute of Innovation and Technology, Climate-KIC iden-tify and support innovation that helps society mitigate and adapt to climate change. They bring together partners in the worlds of busi-ness, academia, and the public and non-profit sectors to create networks of expertise, to create the innovation that can lead to systemic change.C40 Cities connects 94 of the worlds greatest cities to take bold climate action, leading the way towards a healthier and more sustainable future. Representing 700+ million citizens and one quarter of the global economy, mayors of the C40 cities are committed to deliver-ing on the most ambitious goals of the Paris Agreement at the local level, as well as to cleaning the air we breathe.In its essence, the circular economy is about how things can be made smarter, cheaper and more resource efficient.Municipality-led circular economyPeter VangsboClimate-KIC NordicCharlotte BreenC40 Cities8 9City-wide circular strategyAmsterdam, The NetherlandsAmsterdams circular economy roadmap and projects in the construction value chain 14Brussels, BelgiumRegional program for a circular economy: Be Circular 18Cape Town, South AfricaIndustrial symbiosis program 22Copenhagen, DenmarkCircular Copenhagen resource and waste management plan 24Glasgow, ScotlandInspiring businesses to innovate and become future-proof 26Gothenburg, SwedenCircular Gothenburg 30Helsinki, FinlandThe Kalasatama districts urban laboratory 32Kristiansand, NorwayGreen business idea competition and growth support 36Ljubljana, SloveniaA national roadmap leading to specific city-level actions 38London, EnglandCircular London 40Maribor, SloveniaCircular economy strategy working closely with the public utility companies 42Helsinki, FinlandCoordinating the reuse of excavated land mass in construction projects across the city 80Paris, FranceTransnational responsible procurement working group 82Tokyo, JapanCircular initiatives within the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games Sustainability Plan 84Toronto, CanadaJourney towards circular economy procurement 88UtilitiesAguascalientes, MexicoWater fund to support the Citys water shortage 94Arras, FranceHeat recovered from waste-water treatmentfor a public aquatics centre 96Basel, SwitzerlandGold award winner for Basels progress towards a low-energy city 98Helsinki, FinlandThe largest heat-pump plant in the world to produce heating and cooling 100Lille, FranceBiointensive micro-farming in the Concorde district 102Malm, SwedenIndustrial symbiosis in the harbour area 104Pcs, HungaryOne of the largest generators of energy from biomass in Europe 106Paris, FranceCity-wide circular economy strategy 46Phoenix, USARedefining waste through a Resource Innovation Campus 48Sams, DenmarkCircular economy for the whole island 52Seoul, South KoreaSharing City Seoul, aiming to engage all 10 million citizens 56Tel Aviv, IsraelCommencing the journey for the City to reach 10 circular projects 60Urban refurbishmentHouston, USARe-use warehouse for construction materials 66Paris, France3D mapping project supporting policies for low carbon buildings 68Sydney, AustraliaCo-creating industry guidelines for circular office refurbishments 70Vienna, AustriaSupporting dismantling services for large industrial buildings 74ProcurementBerlin, GermanyEcological criteria embedded in the public procurement process 78Civic wasteAustin, USAOnline marketplace for re-using materials 110Eskilstuna, SwedenThe worlds first circular shopping centre 112Kristiansand, NorwayCitizen and business collaboration centre 114Kristiansand, NorwaySecondhand store led by the municipal waste company 116New York, USADonation online market place and supporting initiatives 118Paris, FranceLocal production, repair and re-use initiatives 120Quezon, PhilippinesRegulations on the use of plastic bags to help curb ocean plastics 122Stockholm, SwedenThe worlds first large-scale biochar urban carbon sink 126Vienna, AustriaInitial government support helped to create Austrias largest independent repair and service centre for electrical
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