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FSINFood Security Information NetworkGlobal Reporton Food CrisesJOINT ANALYSIS FOR BETTER DECISIONS2019FSINFood Security Information NetworkGlobal Reporton Food CrisesJOINT ANALYSIS FOR BETTER DECISIONS2019GLOBAL REPORT ON FOOD CRISES 2019iiACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis third annual Global Report on Food Crises (GRFC 2019) marks another major collaborative effort between numerous agencies in the international humanitarian and development community to share their data, analysis, knowledge and expertise regarding people facing food crises. Producing this report is a complex and iterative process, which is coordinated by the Food Security Information Network (FSIN) but would not have been possible without the dedication and contributions of numerous agencies and individuals.The reports authors would like to thank the senior advisers for their guidance and recommendations during the technical consultations in October 2018 and February 2019, as well as their extensive feedback on the report drafts: Mahalmoudou Hamadoun from the Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS); Philippe Thomas and Giampiero Muci from the International Cooperation and Development (DEVCO) of the European Commission; Tiziana Buffagni from the European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (ECHO) of the European Commission; Dominique Burgeon and Luca Russo from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO); Laura Glaeser and Chris Hillbruner from the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET); Bruno Minjauw from the Global Food Security Cluster (gFSC); Josephine Ippe from the Global Nutrition Cluster (gNC); Rob Vos from the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Eshete Dejen from the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD); Jos Lopez from the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification Group (IPC) Global Support Unit; Andreas Schuetz from the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA); Domingos Gove from the Southern African Development Community (SADC); Ricardo Sibrian from the Central American Integration System (SICA); Lev Turner from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID); Diane Holland from the United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF); and Arif Husain and Yvonne Forsen from the World Food Programme (WFP). Special thanks go to the members of the core team from the FSIN secretariat as well as from CILSS, FAO, FEWS NET, GIEWS, gNC, gFSC, EC-JRC, IFPRI, IPC Global Support Unit, WFP and UNICEF, who analyzed the data and drafted the report. These included: Alessandro Constantino, Anna Ziolkovska, Anne-Claire Mouilliez (FSIN coordinator), Anne-Claire Thomas, Aurlien Mellin, Darana Souza, Estefania Custudio, Francois Kayitakire, Giacomo Laracca, Gwenaelle Garnier, Issoufou Baoua, Jonathan Pound, Katy Williams, Katy Huang, Lavinia Antonaci, Louise Mwirigi, Mario Zappacosta, Nicholas Minot, Nora Hobbs, Nusha Choudhury, Panduleni Elago, Paul Nforneh Ambe, Peter Thomas, Sophie Chotard and Valentina Giorda.We would also like to thank Eleonora Ponti and Lynn Clark for the graphic design and Mattia Pinzone for producing the maps.We are grateful to the regional, national and country advisers, experts and working groups who shared their data, provided valuable insights and conducted the analyses presented in this report.We would like to thank the representatives of the donor community who shared their information needs and provided thoughtful views and feedback as end-users.Finally, we greatly appreciate the European Union and USAID for their financial contribution to the FSIN.GLOBAL REPORT ON FOOD CRISES 2019 iiiFOREWORDFSINFood Security Information NetworkThis years Global Report on Food Crises highlights the plight of millions of people who must fight every day against acute hunger and malnutrition.The report also points the way towards solutions that can rebuild lives and livelihoods in communities around the world.Climate-induced disasters, economic crises and, above all, armed conflict, continued to drive hunger rates and food insecurity in 2018.Last May, the United Nations Security Council condemned the use of starvation as a weapon of war.Determined action is needed to uphold this pledge.In this spirit, I welcome your efforts to focus on food and agriculture in times of crisis.Let us all commit to building societies without hunger and a world at peace.Antnio Guterres, Secretary-General of the United NationsGLOBAL REPORT ON FOOD CRISES 2019ivacronymsI can describe the horrors of what it was like to live under siege but to describe how it feels to be hungry? On day one it is bad, and on day two you start to think, what can I do about this? Beyond that I will not say.”Syrian refugeeGLOBAL REPORT ON FOOD CRISES 2019 vAcknowledgments .iiForeword .iiiKey findings .1Chapter 1: Introduction and methods .4Why this report? .5Structure of the report .6Geographical coverage: Selection of countries for the GRFC 2019 .6Analysis of acute food insecurity .8Analysis of malnutrition .10Limitations .12Chapter 2: Analysis of food crises in 2018 . 14Key findings of 2018 and 20162018 comparisons .15Main drivers of food insecurity in 2018 .20Population displacement trends .28Addressing the needs of those on the cusp of Crisis.29Overview of malnutrition in food crises in 2018 .32Chapter 3: Main food crises in 2018 . 36Afghanistan .38Bangladesh: Coxs Bazar .42Burundi .46Central African Republic .50Central America Dry Corridor .54CONTENTSGLOBAL REPORT ON FOOD CRISES 2019viDemocratic Republic of the Congo .58Djibouti .62Eswatini .66Ethiopia .70Haiti .74Iraq .78Kenya .82Lake Chad Basin .88Madagascar: southern and south-eastern districts . 100Malawi . 104Mozambique. 108Pakistan: Sindh province drought affected areas . 112Palestine . 116Somalia . 120South Sudan . 126Sudan . 132Syrian Arab Republic . 136Uganda . 142Ukraine: Luhansk and Donetsk oblasts . 146Yemen. 150Zambia . 154Zimbabwe . 158Chapter 4: Food security and nutrition forecast for 2019 .162The main drivers and risks for 2019 . 163Acute food insecurity forecast for 2019 . 165Acronyms . 178Annexes . 180Bibliography . 188contentsGLOBAL REPORT ON FOOD CRISES 2019 1KEYFINDINGS WFP/GIULIO DADAMO GLOBAL REPORT ON FOOD CRISES 20192key findingsACUTE FOOD INSECURITY GLOBAL ESTIMATES IN 2018More than 113 million people across 53 countries experienced acute hunger requiring urgent food, nutrition and livelihoods assistance (IPC/CH Phase 3 or above) in 2018.The worst food crises in 2018, in order of severity, were: Yemen, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Afghanistan, Ethiopia, the Syrian Arab Republic, the Sudan, South Sudan and north Nigeria. These eight countries accounted for two thirds of the total number of people facing acute food insecurity amounting to nearly 72 million people.Countries in Africa remained disproportionally affected by food insecurity The figure of 113 million people represents a slight improvement over the number for 2017 presented in last years report, in which an estimated 124 million people in 51 countries faced acute hunger. Despite the slight decrease, over the past three years, the report has consistently shown that, year on year, more than 100 million people (2016, 2017 and 2018) have faced periods of acute hunger.The modest decrease between 2017 and 2018 is largely attributed to changes in climate shocks. A number of highly exposed countries did not experience the intensity of climate-related shocks and stressors that they had experienced in 2017 when they variously faced severe drought, flooding, erratic rains and temperature rises brought on by the El Nio of 2015-16. These include countries in southern and eastern Africa, the Horn of Africa, Lati
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