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Powered by SA: Smart Grid 5G Network Slicing SGC, China Telecom and Huawei Table of Contents Executive Sumary . 1 1. The chalenges faced by the power grid enterprises . 1 2. 5G network slicing to enable the smart grid . 2 2.1. Aplication scenarios of smart grid . 2 2.1.1. Inteligent distributed feder automation . 2 2.1.2. Milisecond-Level Precise Load Control . 3 2.1.3. Information Acquirement of Low Voltage Distribution Systems . 3 2.1.4. Distributed Power Suplies . 4 2.2. 5G Network Slicing can met the neds of smart grid scenarios . 4 2.2.1. Technical Perspective. 5 2.2.2. Service Perspective . 5 2.2.3. Deployment Perspective . 6 2.3. Designig 5G network slicing solution for smart grid. 6 2.3.1. Smart grids multi-slice architecture . 6 2.3.2. Life cycle management of the smart grid . 7 3. Practices of 5G power slicing . 9 4. Adition Technical Achievements. 10 5. Ecosystem of 5G Power Slicing . 10 Conclusion . 11 1 Executive Sumary 5G network slicing is an ideal choice to enable smart grid services. It divides the 5G network into logicaly isolated networks, where each one could be sen as a slice. 5G network slicing alows the power grid to flexibly customize specific slices with diferent network functions and diferent service level agrement (SLA) assurances according to the diferent requirements of the various services on a power grid. The 5G SA-based power slicing inovation project, a colaboration betwen China Telecom, SGCC (State-Grid-Corporation-of-China) and Huawei, was initiated in September 2017, and has achieved major breakthroughs in verifying technology feasibility, exploring business feasibility, and fostering the ecosystem. Through a rigorous comercial feasibility analysis of 5G power slicing, comparing it to private optical networks, the project concluded that power slicing can beter suport diferentiated service scenarios, and wil help power grid enterprises significantly reduce the total cost of ownership (TCO) of power comunication networks, also resulting in a god return on investment ROI for cariers. The 5G smart grid inovation project has ben proven to be a valuable reference point for cooperation among global operators and enterprises in the 5G era. 1. The chalenges faced by the power grid enterprises A smart grid is a modernized power grid which uses information and comunication technologies to colect information of the power grid. This information is used to adjust the production and distribution of elctricity, or to adjust power consuption in order to save energy, reduce losses, and enhance the reliability of the power grid. In a normal power grid, devices are monitored manualy onsite. With smart grids, these devices can be monitored and measured remotely, and can automaticaly determine, adjust, and control power usage. These are what make smart grids “smart”. Therefore, conecting these devices to the comunications network is fundamental to smart grid construction. A power grid consists of five phases: power generation, transmission, transformation, distribution, and consumption. Comunication networks across power generation, transmission, and transformation are already mature with the optical network. However, in the distribution and power consuption phases, due to the massive number of nodes and scatered distribution, the coverage of the comunications network is quite low. It is essentialy the “last 5 km problem” and is the main botleneck for smart grid development. According to the China National Energy Adinistration (NEA), 95% of blackouts occur in the last 5-kilometers of the power-grid. To implement a smart grid, it is vital to build terminal access networks in the last 5 km of power distribution and consumption phases to alow for comunication and control over these terminals. (NEA forecasted that in 2025, 9.63 milion square kiloeters wil be covered with 20.13 milion comunication modules for the whole power industry of China). To facilitate the pace of development, NEA proposed that by 2025, the terminal access networks coverage in China should reach 90% of the total terminals to realize scenarios such as inteligent distributed feder automation, power system diferential protection, milisecond level precise load control, and information acquirement of low-voltage distribution. These scenarios have diferent network capability demands on latency, bandwidth, massive conection, and reliability. 2 Using optical-fiber to build terminal access networks is expensive and has dificulties in deployment due to the massive-conections and wide-coverage, while 5G can solve this problem efectively. 2. 5G network slicing to enable the smart grid 5G network slicing is an ideal choice to enable smart grid services. It divides the 5G network into logicaly isolated networks, where each one can be seen as a slice. 5G network slicing alows the power grid to flexibly customize specific slices with diferent network functions and diferent SLA (Service Level Agrement) assurances according to the neds, to met diferent network requirements of various services mentioned above. The inovation project proved that 5G network slicing can met the terminal access networks demand for wide coverage, low latency, high bandwidth, high reliability, high security, and diferentiation of network capability, with lower cost and easier deployment than traditional fiber network. 2.1. Application scenarios of smart grid The inovation project involved research on the network requirements of smart-grids scenarios, 4 typical scenarios were identified to be prospective for 5G Network Slicing. Figure 1. Typical service scenarios of smart grids 2.1.1. Intelligent distributed feeder automation The key requirements of inteligent distributed feder automation for comunications networks are as folows: Ultra-low latency: miliseconds High isolation: Distribution automation is a service in I/I production area of the power grid. It must be completely isolated fro services in II/IV management areas. High reliability: 9.99% 3 Figure 2. Key performance indicator (KPI) requirements of inteligent distributed feder automation for comunications networks 2.1.2. Milisecond-Level Precise Load Control The key requirements of milisecond-level load control for comunications networks are as folows: Ultra-low latency: miliseconds High isolation: Precise load control is a service in the I/I production area of the power grid. It must be completely isolated from services in II/IV management areas. High reliability: 9.99% Figure 3. KPI requirements of milisecond-level load control for comunications networks 2.1.3. Information Acquirement of Low Voltage Distribution Systems The key requirements of information acquirement of low voltage distribution systems for comunications networks are as folows: Massive access: tens of milions of terminals High frequency and high concurency: second-level to quasi-real-time data reporting in the future 4 Figure 4. KPI requirements of information acquirement of low voltage distribution systems for comunications networks 2.1.4. Distributed Power Supplies The key requirements of distributed power suplies for comunications networks are as folows: Massive access: milions to tens of milions of terminals Low latency: Distributed power suply manageent includes uplink data colection and downlink control. Downlink control flows require second-level latency. High reliability: 99.999% Figure 5. Figure 5: KPI requirements of distributed power suplies for comunications networks 2.2. 5G Network Slicing can meet the needs of smart grid scenarios 5G network slicing has rich features. Generaly, a network slice is a tenant-oriented virtual network, mets diferentiated SLA requirements, and can be managed independently in terms of the life cycle. 5G network slicing is designed to handle specific service requirements, mets diferentiated SLA requirements, and automaticaly builds isolated network instances on demand. 5G network slicing provides E2E (End-to-end) network assurance for SLAs, service isolation, on-demand network function customization, and automation. 5 Figure 6. Key capabilities of 5G Network Slicing 2.2.1. Technical Perspective 5G network slicing can met conection requirements of core industrial control services of power grids. 5G is a new-generation wirelss comunications technology. Its design considers the scenarios of not only human-to-huan comunication but also comunications betwen things and humans and things. The ultra-low latency and massive access network capabilities can efectively met the conection requireents of core industrial control services on the power grid. Network slicing technology, which is first introduced by 5G networks, can achieve security and isolation at the same level as dedicated networks with significantly less construction costs compared with dedicated fiber networks built by enterprises. The 5G edge computing technology enables distributed gateway deployment to implement local trafic processing and logical computing, which saves bandwidths and reduces latency. This further mets the ultra-low latency requirements of industrial control services on the power grid. 2.2.2. Service Perspective From the perspective of service characteristics, typical smart grid service scenarios discussed in this document are classified into two types: Industrial control services: Typical examples are inteligent distributed feder automation and milisecond-level precise load control. Ultra-reliable and low-latency counication (URLC) is a typical slice designed for this type of services. Information collection services: Typical examples are information acquirement of low voltage distribution systems and distributed power suplies. Massive machine type comunication (mMTC) is a typical slice designed for this type of services. In adition to the two typical slice types, the power grid industry may also require enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMB) (typical service scenario: remote inspection using drones) and voice comunications (typical service scenario: manual maintenance and inspection). 6 2.2.3. Deployment Perspective From the perspective of service deployment, 5G not only enables new power grid industrial control services but also inherits the information colection services suported by the curent 2G/3G/4G public networks. In this way, multiple slices of the power grid can be deployed, managed, and maintained in a unified maner, which helps customers of the power grid industry reduce costs efectively. Table 1. 5G network slices meting various requirements of diferent Smart Grid scenarios 2.3. Designing 5G network slicing solution for smart grid 2.3.1. Smart grids multi-slice architecture Based on the aplication scenarios of smart grids and the architecture of 5G network slicing, the overal architecture of 5G smart grid design and management is as folows. The slices of information acquirement of low voltage distribution systes, inteligent distributed feder autoation, and ilisecond-level precise load control are used to met the technical specification requirements of diferent service scenarios. Domain-specific slice anagement and integrated end-to-end (E2E) slice management are used to et service requirements in these scenarios. Figure 7. 5G Network slicing architecture of smart grids 7 2.3.2. Life cycle management of the smart grid Life cycle management of 5G network slices includes slice design, deployment and enabling, slice operation, closed lop optimization, Operation and Maintenance (O ROI wil reach 54% in 2030). 2. January 2018, China Telecom, SGC and Huawei released the technical feasibility analysis report on 5G power slicing. htps:/ project-findings/d/d-id/73921 5. Ecosystem of 5G Power Slicing The projects involve end-to-end industry partners in the power industry jointly promoting the development of 5G smart grid. Partners include power industry enterprise (SGC), power terminal and aplication enterprises (NARI and Jiangsu FangTian), and industry research institutes (Global Energy Internet Research Institute and Electric Power Research Institute of Jiangsu). By leveraging industry organizations such as 5GSA, 5GACIA, IMT2020 (5G), CRGE, the projects have successfuly brought an important consensus to the industry that Network Slicing and MEC 11 are key technolgies for the success of 5G smart grid. The whole industry should increase the emphasis and investment in the two technologies. Conclusion As a typical example of the vertical industry, smart grid poses new chalenges to comunications networks. The diversity of power grid services requires a flexible and orchestrated network, high reliability requires isolated networks, and milisecond-level ultra-low latency requires networks with optimal capabilities. 5G network slicing can adress and met al these diversified network conection requirements from diferent vertical industries. The 5G smart grid inovation project has ben proven as a valuable reference for the cooperation among global operators and enterprises in the 5G era. 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