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Wissenschaft weltoffenkompakt 2019 Facts and Figures on the International Nature of Study and Research in Germany pdf-version with optional data-download for all figures: wissenschaft-weltoffen.de Deutsches Zentrum fr Hochschul- und Wissenschaftsforschung Deutsches Zentrum fr Hochschul- und Wissenschaftsforschung Deutsches Zentrum fr Hochschul- und Wissenschaftsforschung English edition1 | Foreign students, Bildungsauslaender and Bildungsinlaender, since 20092 | German and foreign students by type of university in 2018, number and in % of all students at German universities foreign students in germany Foreign students at German universities fall into two distinct groups: Bildungsinlaender and Bildungsauslaender. Bildungs- inlaender are students of other nationalities who have obtained their higher education entrance qualification in Germany, while Bildungsauslaender are students of other nationalities who have obtained their higher education entrance qualification out- side Germany. Bildungsinlaender have usually lived in Germany for a long period and attended a German school before going to un iversity here, whereas Bildungsauslaender usually come to Germ an y primarily in order to study here. The central data basis on foreign students in Germany is the German Federal Statistical Offices statistics on students and examinations. These data are collected by universities in accordance with statu- tory provisions, examined by the statistical offices of the federal states and passed on to the German Federal Statistical Office.0,000000 41666,666667 83333,333333 125000,000000 166666,666667 208333,333333 Fig. 13 Source: Federal Statistical Office Germany (Destatis); DZHW calculation The academic year is taken as the basis for determining the number of students. Using this method, students of the winter semester 2017/18 are defined as students of the academic year 2018. 1 | Foreign students, Bildungsauslaender and Bildungsinlaender, since 20093 | Bildungsauslaender by type of mobility, since 2005, number and in % of all Bildungsauslaender at German universities2 | German and foreign students by type of university in 2018, number and in % of all students at German universitiesTotal Universities Universities of applied sciences (UAS) Students Number in % Number in % Number in % German students 2,470,395 86.8 1,558,798 85.7 911,597 88.8 Foreign students 374,583 13.2 259,461 14.3 115,122 11.2 Bildungsauslaender 282,002 9.9 207,528 11.4 74,474 7.2 Bildungsinlaender 92,581 3.3 51,933 2.9 40,648 4.0 Bildungsinlaender Bildungsauslaender Foreign students 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 400000 2005 2010 2015 2018 170,208 | 91.2% 16,448 | 8.8% 161,136 | 88.9% 20,113 | 11.1% 207,804 | 88.1% 28,054 | 11.9% 255,379 | 90.6% 26,623 | 9.4% 186,656 181,249 235,858 282,002 Studying for a degree in Germany: Yes No X Total foreign students in germanybildungsauslaender in germany 4 | Bildungsauslaender, in 2018, by region of origin, number and in % of all Bildungsauslaender at German universities 5 | Bildungsauslaender from the top 20countries of origin, in 2018, number and in % of all Bildungs-aus laender at German universities Country of origin Number in % China 36,915 13.1 India 17,294 6.1 Austria 11,130 3.9 Russia 10,795 3.8 Italy 8,908 3.1 Syria 8,618 3.1 Turkey 7,633 2.7 Iran 7,527 2.7 Cameroon 7,344 2.6 France 7,202 2.6 Ukraine 7,037 2.5 Bulgaria 6,470 2.3 Spain 6,201 2.2 USA 6,158 2.2 South Korea 5,843 2.1 Tunesia 5,445 1.9 Morocco 5,297 1.9 Poland 5,006 1.8 Indonesia 4,938 1.8 Pakistan 4,928 1.7 Total 282,002 100.0 North America 7,210 | 2.6% Latin America 16,069 | 5.7% Total number of Bildungsauslaender at German universities 282,002 (including 304 students who cannot be classified by region) Western Europe 54,692 | 19.4% Eastern Europe and Central Asia 26,013 | 9.2% North Africa and Middle East 44,842 | 15.9% Central and South Eastern Europe 34,527 | 12.2% Asia and Pacific 83,326 | 29.5% Sub-Saharan Africa 15,019 | 5.3% 6 | Bildungsauslaender, in 2018, by type of degree and type of university, number and in % of all Bildungsauslaender at German universitiesFig. 47 Source: Federal Statistical Office Germany (Destatis) Deviations from 100 % are due to rounding. The academic year is taken as the basis for determining the number of students. Using this method, students of the winter semester 2017/18 are defined as students of the academic year 2018. UAS = Universities of applied sciences 6 | Bildungsauslaender, in 2018, by type of degree and type of university, number and in % of all Bildungsauslaender at German universities 7 | Bildungsauslaender, in 2018, by subject group 1and type of university, number and in % of all Bildungsauslaender at German universitiesTotal Universities UAS Number in % Number in % Number in % Bachelors degree 104,436 37.0 58,485 28.2 45,951 61.7 Masters degree 104,231 37.0 82,151 39.6 22,080 29.6 PhD 26,265 9.3 26,241 12.6 24 0.0 Other degrees 20,447 7.3 18,735 9.0 1,712 2.3 Not studying for a degree 26,623 9.4 21,916 10.6 4,707 6.3 Total 282,002 100.0 207,528 100.0 74,474 100.0Total Universities UAS Number in % Number in % Number in % Engineering 107,526 38.1 68,709 33.1 38,817 52.2 Law, Economics and Social Sciences 72,455 25.7 45,742 22.0 26,669 35.8 Humanities 33,235 11.8 32,217 15.5 1,018 1.4 Mathematics, Natural Sciences 29,953 10.6 27,705 13.4 2,248 3.0 Medicine, Health Sciences 14,887 5.3 13,548 6.5 1,339 1.8 Art, Art History 14,986 5.3 12,370 6.0 2,616 3.5 Agricult., Forestry a. Food Sciences, Vet. Medicine 6,268 2.2 4,877 2.4 1,391 1.9 Other 2,692 1.0 2,360 1.1 332 0.4 Total 282,002 100.0 207,528 100.0 74,430 100.0 foreign students in germany 8 | Bildungsauslaender, in 2013 and 2018, by federal state,number and in % of all students in the relevant state 9 | Incoming Erasmus students, in 2017, by federal state, number and in % of all students in the relevant state bildungsauslaender in the federal s tates 2013 2018 Federal state Number in % Number in % Changes in the numbers 20132018 in % Baden-Wuerttemberg 29,802 8.9 37,409 10.3 25.5 Bavaria 23,512 7.1 38,650 9.9 64.4 Berlin 21,004 13.1 31,176 16.6 48.4 Brandenburg 5,387 10.4 6,628 13.4 23.0 Bremen 3,695 10.6 4,498 11.9 21.7 Hamburg 7,047 7.8 9,311 8.6 32.1 Hesse 18,488 8.6 23,504 9.0 27.1 Mecklenb.-W. Pomerania 1,924 4.8 3,155 8.0 64.0 Lower Saxony 11,955 7.0 17,717 8.5 48.2 North Rhine-Westphalia 47,011 7.3 64,307 8.3 36.8 Rhineland-Palatinate 8,273 6.8 10,194 8.3 23.2 Saarland 3,369 11.9 3,631 11.6 7.8 Saxony 11,052 9.8 15,199 13.9 37.5 Saxony-Anhalt 4,981 8.9 6,475 11.9 30.0 Schleswig-Holstein 3,062 5.6 3,799 6.1 24.1 Thuringia 4,082 7.7 6,349 12.7 55.5 Total 204,644 8.2 282,002 9.9 37.8 Federal state Number in % Baden-Wuerttemberg 3,976 10.6 Bavaria 4,053 10.5 Berlin 2,572 8.2 Brandenburg 624 9.4 Bremen 440 9.8 Hamburg 726 7.8 Hesse 1,385 5.9 Mecklenb.-W. Pomerania 187 5.9 Lower Saxony 1,193 6.7 North Rhine-Westphalia 3,746 5.8 Rhineland-Palatinate 933 9.2 Saarland 273 7.5 Saxony 1,209 8.0 Saxony-Anhalt 283 4.4 Schleswig-Holstein 301 7.9 Thuringia 399 6.3 Total 22,300 7.9 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 10 | German and foreign first-year students and graduates, in 2007, 2012 and 2017number and in % of all first-year students or graduates at German universities2007 2012 2017 First-year students Number in % Number in % Number in % German first-year students 297,332 82.3 399,621 80.7 390,677 76.2 Foreign first-year students 64,028 17.7 95,467 19.3 121,742 23.8 Bildungsauslaender 53,759 14.9 79,537 16.1 104,940 20.5 Bildungsinlaender 10,269 2.8 15,930 3.2 16,802 3.3 Graduates Anzahl Anteil in % Anzahl Anteil in % Anzahl Anteil in % German graduates 256,820 89.7 373,760 90.4 449,001 89.5 Foreign graduates 29,571 10.3 39,578 9.6 52,733 10.5 Bildungsauslaender 23,777 8.3 30,806 7.5 41,736 8.3 Bildungsinlaender 5,794 2.0 8,772 2.1 10,997 2.2 Fig. 8 Source: Federal Statistical Office Germany (Destatis); DZHW calculation 2013 = WS 2012/13; 2018 = WS 2017/18. Fig. 9 Source: DAAD An academic year in the Erasmus+ statistics begins on June 1st of the prior year and ends on May 31st of the following year. 2017 = 1.6.2016 until 31.5.2018. Excluding placements. The proportions of all students relate to the winter semester 2017/18. Fig. 10 Source: Federal Statistical Office Germany (Destatis) First-year students: The sum of the number of first-year students in a summer semester and the following winter semester is the number for the year. 2017 = first-year students SS 2017 + WS 2017/18. Graduates: An examination year includes the graduates of a winter semester and the following summer semester. 2017 = graduates WS 2016/17 + SS 2017. f oreign first- year s tudents and g raduates foreign students in germanygerman students abroad On the topic of international mobility of German students or gradu- ates, a distinction is made between temporary study-related visits abroad as part of a domestic study programme (temporary study- related visits abroad) and study-related visits abroad with the aim of taking a degree abroad (degree-related international mobility). The findings on degree-related international mobility were collected by the German Federal Statistical Office in statistical offices abroad. However, these statistics do not only include German students aiming to obtain a degree abroad, because in some cases, unknown numbers of Erasmus students and other students on temporary study-related visits abroad are included in the data. Since there are no official statistics regarding the total number of temporary study-related visits abroad by German students, this can currently only be estimated on the basis of student and graduate surveys. The differences in the proportions of internatio- nal mobility between the various surveys are the result of differ- ent survey periods, sampling and methodologies. However, official data is available relating to the subsection of temporary study or placement visits abroad as part of the EUs Erasmus programme. These Erasmus visits represent about one third of all temporary study-related visits abroad made by German students. 11 | German students abroad, since 1991 12 | Major host countries of German students abroad, in 2016number and in % of all Germanstudents abroadNumber in % Austria 28,220 19.6 Netherlands 21,956 15.3 United Kingdom 15,770 11.0 Switzerland 14,609 10.2 USA 10,169 7.1 China 8,145 5.7 France 6,007 4.2 Sweden 4,620 3.2 Denmark 3,554 2.5 Turkey 3,363 2.3 Hungary 3,232 2.2 Spain 2,756 1.9 Canada 1,827 1.3 Greece 1,637 1.1 Portugal 1,622 1.1 Italy 1,412 1.0 Norway 1,306 0.9 Poland 1,239 0.9 Australia 1,202 0.8 Romania 1,187 0.8 Total 143,853 100 0 25000 50000 75000 100000 125000 150000 175000 34,000 137,900 139,700 144,900 139,100 55 54 55 55 58 20 135,400 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 degree-related international m obility Fig. 11 From 2010 including results of the Destatis survey on doctoral students. Fig. 11, 12 Source: Federal Statistical Office Germany (Destatis); country-specific reference periods german students abroad13 | German students in later semesters with study-related visits abroad, in 2015 and 2017, by type of university and type of degreein % of all students in later semesters 14 | German students with study-related visits abroad, since 2007, by major types of visit in % of all internationally mobile German students 15 | Major host countries of German students for study-related visits abroad, in 2017, in % in % United Kingdom 12 USA 12 France 9 Spain 9 Italy 5 Netherlands 4 Finland 4 Sweden 4 China 4 Australia 3in % Austria 3 Switzerland 3 Poland 3 South Africa 3 Japan 3 Ireland 3 Canada 2 Russia 2 Czech Rep. 2 Norway 2 temPorary study -related V isits abroad Fig. 13, 15 Source: DAAD/DZHW Mobility Survey 2017 Students in later semesters: bachelor: 5th10th semester of higher education (s. o. h. e.), master: 3rd6th specialised semester, state examination: 8th12th s. o. h. e. Fig. 14 Source: DAAD/DZHW Mobility Survey 20072017 35 35 33 32 54 52 36 43 40 45 37 38 2015 2017 2015 2017 2015 2017 2015 2017 2015 2017 2015 2017 Multiple responses possible University Bachelors degree University Masters degree UAS UAS State examination (University) Total17 | Average duration of visits abroad by Erasmus participants from Germany, since 2003, by type of visit 16 | Erasmus participants from Germany, since 1988, by type of university 18 | Erasmus participants from Germany, in 2017, by major host countries erasmus V isitsTotal University University of applied sciences (UAS) Fig. 13, 15 Source: DAAD/DZHW Mobility Survey 2017 Students in later semesters: bachelor: 5th10th semester of higher education (s. o. h. e.), master: 3rd6th specialised semester, state examination: 8th12th s. o. h. e. Fig. 14 Source: DAAD/DZHW Mobility Survey 20072017 Fig. 1618 Source: DAAD, Erasmus statistics Erasmus statistics until 2014: An academic year in the Erasmus statistics (until 2014) begins in the winter semester and ends in the summer semester of the following year. 2014 = WS 2013/14 + SS 2014. New Erasmus+ statistics since 2015: An academic year begins on June 1st of the prior year and ends on May 31st of the following year. 2017 = 1.6.2016 until 31.5.2018. Number Spain 6,614 France 5,442 United Kingdom 5,258 Sweden 2,653 Italy 2,613 Netherlands 1,904 Finland 1,872 Norway 1,629 Ireland 1,463 Austria 1,447Number Turkey 1,265 Portugal 1,220 Poland 1,148 Denmark 979 Belgium 881 Hungary 833 Czech Rep. 782 Greece 370 Latvia 346 Estonia 314 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 0 2 4 6 8 106573,906 12,63315,715 22,427 21,184 28,568 29,306 28,332 7,670 1988 90 95 00 05 10 15 16 17 10,784 11,151 12,257 german students abroadinternational m obility of s tudents “Wissenschaft weltoffen” uses UNESCO data on international students for its presentation of international student mobility and Germanys position as a host country in international comparison. However, it must be observed that these figures usually differ from the equivalent data in the national statistics, because in some cases, different groups are defined as students. The UNESCO, for example, categorises all persons as students who are assigned to levels 5 to 8 (ISCED 2011) according to
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