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The Sustainable Development Goals Report2019United NationsContentsForeword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Goal 1 No poverty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Goal 2 Zero hunger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Goal 3 Good health and well-being . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Goal 4 Quality education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Goal 5 Gender equality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Goal 6 Clean water and sanitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Goal 7 Affordable and clean energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Goal 8 Decent work and economic growth . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Goal 9 Industry, innovation and infrastructure . . . . . . . . . 40Goal 10 Reduced inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Goal 11 Sustainable cities and communities . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Goal 12 Responsible consumption and production . . . . . . 46Goal 13 Climate action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Goal 14 Life below water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Goal 15 Life on land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Goal 16 Peace, justice and strong institutions . . . . . . . . . . 54Goal 17 Partnership for the Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Note to the reader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Regional groupings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59United Nations New York, 2019The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2019The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2019 2ForewordSince its inception in 2015, the 2030 Agenda has provided a blueprint for shared prosperity in a sustainable worlda world where all people can live productive, vibrant and peaceful lives on a healthy planet. The year 2030 is just over a decade away, and we must ask ourselves if our actions today are laying the right foundation to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2019 provides evidence-based insights to answer this question. The report demonstrates that progress is being made in some critical areas, and that some favorable trends are evident. Extreme poverty has declined considerably, the under-5 mortality rate fell by 49 per cent between 2000 and 2017, immunizations have saved millions of lives, and the vast majority of the worlds population now has access to electricity. Countries are taking concrete actions to protect our planet: marine protected areas have doubled since 2010; countries are working concertedly to address illegal fishing; 186 parties have ratified the Paris Agreement on climate change, and almost all have communicated their first nationally determined contributions. About 150 countries have developed national policies to respond to the challenges of rapid urbanization, and 71 countries and the European Union now have more than 300 policies and instruments supporting sustainable consumption and production. And a wide range of other actorsinternational organizations, businesses, local authorities, the scientific community and civil societyhave engaged with the SDGs in a manner that generates great hope for the coming decade. The United Nations, for its part, is working hard to reposition to the United Nations development system to be better equipped to meet the needs of governments to respond to this integrated and transformative agenda.Notwithstanding that progress, this report identifies many areas that need urgent collective attention. The natural environment is deteriorating at an alarming rate: sea levels are rising; ocean acidification is accelerating; the past four years have been the warmest on record; one million plant and animal species are at risk of extinction; and land degradation continues unchecked. We are also moving too slowly in our efforts to end human suffering and create opportunity for all: our goal to end extreme poverty by 2030 is being jeopardized as we struggle to respond to entrenched deprivation, violent conflicts and vulnerabilities to natural disasters. Global hunger is on the rise, and at least half of the worlds population lacks essential health services. More than half of the worlds children do not meet standards in reading and mathematics; only 28 per cent of persons with severe disabilities received cash benefits; and women in all parts of the world continue to face structural disadvantages and discrimination. It is abundantly clear that a much deeper, faster and more ambitious response is needed to unleash the social and economic transformation needed to achieve our 2030 goals. From our advances, we know what works. This report therefore highlights areas that can drive progress across all 17 SDGs: financing; resilience; sustainable and inclusive economies; more effective institutions; local action; better use of data; and harnessing science, technology and innovation with a greater focus on digital transformation. In everything we do, we must diligently ensure that policy choices leave no one behind, and that national efforts are supported by effective international cooperation, grounded in a commitment to diplomacy and crisis prevention.The SDG Summit, the Climate Action Summit and the other crucial meetings that will take place in New York in September 2019 provide leaders everywhere with an opportunity to get the world back on track and to kick-start a decade of delivery for people and the planet. The time is right, and we must act now. In that spirit, I commend this report to a wide global audience.Antnio GuterresSecretary-General of the United NationsIntroduction3IntroductionFour years after signing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, countries have taken action to integrate the Goals and targets into their national development plans and to align policies and institutions behind them. The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2019 uses the latest available data to track global progress on the SDGs and to take stock of how far we have come in realizing our commitments. The report shows that, while advances have been made in some areas, monumental challenges remain. The evidence and data spotlight areas that require urgent attention and more rapid progress to realize the 2030 Agendas far-reaching vision. Member States agree that these challenges and commitments are interrelated and call for integrated solutions. It is therefore imperative to take a holistic view of the 2030 Agenda and to identify the highest impact areas in order to target interventions. The most urgent area for action is climate change. If we do not cut record-high greenhouse gas emissions now, global warming is projected to reach 1.5C in the coming decades. As we are already seeing, the compounded effects will be catastrophic and irreversible: increasing ocean acidification, coastal erosion, extreme weather conditions, the frequency and severity of natural disasters, continuing land degradation, loss of vital species and the collapse of ecosystems. These effects, which will render many parts of the globe uninhabitable, will affect the poor the most. They will put food production at risk, leading to widespread food shortages and hunger, and potentially displace up to 140 million people by 2050. The clock for taking decisive actions on climate change is ticking. The other defining issue of our time is increasing inequality among and within countries. Poverty, hunger and disease continue to be concentrated in the poorest and most vulnerable groups of people and countries. Over 90 per cent of maternal deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. Three quarters of all stunted children live in Southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. People living in fragile States are twice as likely to lack basic sanitation, and about four times as likely to lack basic drinking water services as people in non-fragile situations. Youth are three times more likely to be unemployed than adults. Women and girls perform a disproportionate share of unpaid domestic work and lack autonomy in decision-making. Just as problems are interrelated, the solutions to poverty, inequality, climate change and other global challenges are also interlinked. Valuable opportunities exist to accelerate progress by examining interlinkages across Goals. For example, tackling climate change requires a shift to clean energy, reversing the trend in forest loss, and changing our production and consumption patterns. Promoting sustainable agriculture can help reduce both hunger and poverty, since close to 80 per cent of those who are extremely poor live in rural areas. Increasing access to safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene can save millions of lives per year and improve school attendance. Improving proficiency in reading and mathematics of some 200 million children who are falling behind in sub-Saharan Africa will help them climb out of poverty and ultimately enable the region to better compete in the global marketplace. This report also highlights the importance of investing in data for the full implementation of the 2030 Agenda. Most countries do not regularly collect data for more than half of the global indicators. The lack of accurate and timely data on many marginalized groups and individuals makes them “invisible” and exacerbates their vulnerability. While considerable effort has been made to address these data gaps over the past four years, progress has been limited. Increased investment is urgently needed to ensure that adequate data are available to inform decision-making on all aspects of the 2030 Agenda. Towards that end, the Dubai Declaration, launched at the second World Data Forum in October 2018, outlines a demand-driven funding mechanism under Member States oversight that will respond quickly and efficiently to the priorities of national statistical systems. The challenges highlighted in this report are global problems that require global solutions. No country or individual can resolve them in isolation. In other words, multilateral action is more important than ever. Remarkably, we have already seen how the 2030 Agenda has brought disparate groups together to work towards common goals. International cooperation on climate change, migration, technology, trade and partnerships with all stakeholders can be strengthened even further with the facilitation of the United Nations system. There is still time for us to achieve the SDGs if we act now and act together, taking advantage of the many synergies that exist across the 2030 Agenda.Liu Zhenmin Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2019 4OverviewMore than 90% of deaths due to disasters occur in low- andmiddle-income countries736 millionpeople livedin extremepoverty in 2015,413 millionin sub-saharanafrica413 millionsub-saharanafrica323 millionrest of theworldworlds population have no access tosocial protectionof the55%is not on track toend poverty by 2030the world2018 2030(projection)1990 2010 201536%16%10%8.6%6%End poverty in all its forms everywhereOverview55.9% of childrenunder 5ARE overweight(40 million)7.3% of children under 5 ARE affected by wasting(49 million)22% of children under 5 ARE stunted(149 million)Two thirds of undernourished people worldwide live in two regions:277 million237 millionsouthernasiasub-Saharan AfricaTwo thirds of extremely poor employed workers worldwide are agricultural workersMillions more areliving in hunger821 millionwere undernourishedin2017in2015784 millionup fromEnd hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agricultureThe Sustainable Development Goals Report 2019 6The tuberculosis incidence rate declined by 21%between 2000 and 2017;nonetheless 10 millionTUBERCULOSISin 2017people DevelopedThe incidence of HIV among adults 1549 years old in sub-Saharan Africa declined by 37% between 2010 and 2017 201034infections per 1000 uninfected20173.392.142There were an estimated 3.5 million more malaria cases in the10 highest-burden African countries in 2017 compared to 2016vaccinationsresulted in an80% dropinmeasles deathsbetween 2000 and20179.8 millionin 20005.4 millionin 2017Under-5droppedfromdeathstoEnsure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all agesOverview7In Central Asia, 27%of primary school age are not attending schoolmore girls than boysMore than half of the schoolsin sub-Saharan Africado not have access to basic drinking water handwashing facilities the Internet computers 617millionchildren and adolescentslack minimumproficiency inreading and mathematicsEnsure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for alltwo thirds of them are women750 millionadults still remain illiteratebetween 6 and17 years attending school1 out of5 childrenare notThe Sustainable Development Goals Report 2019 8of the workforce of managerial positionsWomen represent39% 27%but onlyof national parliamentarians are women An increase from 19% (2010)24%At least 200 milliongirls and women have been subjected to female genital mutilationHalf of them in West AfricaIn Southern Asia,a girls risk of marrying in childhood has decreased by40%since 2000still, 30% of women aged 20 to 24 years were married before age 18 (2018)18%physical and/orsexual partner violencein the previous 12 monthsaged 15 to49 yearswomen andgirlshave experiencedof ever-partneredAchieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
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